God's Gift To Mankind, The Rare Fruits And Vegetab

[iris89]

Hi Everyone:

Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Laurus nobilis & Persea borbonia var. borbonia, Bay Laurel

Scientific name: Laurus nobilis & Persea borbonia var. borbonia
Abundance: plentiful
What: nuts, leaves
How: roast nuts, used leaf as seasoning
Where: woods, borders
When: leaves all year, nuts in the fall
Nutritional Value: Calcium, iron, other minerals, vitamins A, C, B6, folate.
Other uses: nuts contain a mild stimulant
Dangers: Looks similar to the very poisonous cherry laurel. The leaves of cherry laurel smell like cherry/cyanide and have toothed edges while bay laurel leaves have smooth edges and smell like Italian seasoning.

Texas has multiple types of bay trees. Around Houston the most common are sweet bay (Laurus nobilis), redbay (Persea borbonia) and laurel cherry (Prunus caroliniana). All three grow in the same environment, preferably as understory trees in moist, shaded areas. Very slow growing, most you’ll find will be small trees around 20’ tall. However, mature trees can rival oaks in size and appearance. Crushed sweet bay and redbay leaves have a wonderful bay aroma while laurel cherry smells like bitter almonds or artificial cherry scent. That bitter almond smell is poisonous cyanide and the so the leaves of the laurel cherry should not be used as a seasoning or consumed in any other manner.

Besides scent, the toxic laurel cherry trees can be distinguished from safe sweet bay and redbay by the edges of their leaves. The sweet bay and redbay leaf edges will be smooth while the dangerous laurel cherry leaves will have teeth, ranging in number from two very small ones near the base to many all along the leaf edge.

The leaves of the sweet bay and redbay are available all year long and are added to sauces and other foods where one would traditionally use bay leaves. They do have a very potent flavor, so you usually don't need to add more than 3-4. They can be used fresh or dried. Add the leaves while cooking but remove them before serving as no bay leaves should actually be eaten. Supposedly these stiff, hard leaves can penetrate an intestine.

In the fall the dark nuts are toasted and then nibbled on as a strongly-flavored snack. Remove the soft flesh from the bay nut then roll the nuts around in a very hot pan until they start to split open. Remove the outer brittle husk then return the inner meat back to the pan for a final toasting. No oil or grease is needed. These toasted nuts can also be ground and used as a seasoning.
Labels: Blue Fruit, Borders, Fall, Landscaping, Nuts, Plentiful,Seasoning, Spring, Summer, Tree, Winter, Woods,[source - retrived from www.foragingtexas.com/2008/08/bay-laurel_20.html html on 3/23/2015]

In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org].

Picture and other information can be viewed at www.foragingtexas.com/2008/08/bay-laurel_20.html html

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Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!

[iris89]

Hi Everyone:

Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Liatris spicata, Gayfeather/Liatris

Abundance: uncommon
What: root/tuber
How: roasted
Where: open fields, landscaping
When: fall, winter
Nutritional Value: calories

Gayfeather tubers continue to grow larger year after year but only the latest-year's portion is tender enough to eat. Memorize the location of the summer-blooming purple flower stalks for harvesting the tubers in the fall and winter.

The drought-resistant plants are becoming popular in low-water xeriscapes and can often be found at big-box home improvement stores. [sourc - retrieved from www.foragingtexas.com/2005/09/gayfeatherliatris.html on 6/22/2015]

In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org].

To view this plant, go to, www.foragingtexas.com/2005/09/gayfeatherliatris.html

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Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!

[iris89]

Hi Everyone:

Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Liatris spicata, Gayfeather/Liatris

Abundance: uncommon
What: root/tuber
How: roasted
Where: open fields, landscaping
When: fall, winter
Nutritional Value: calories

Gayfeather tubers continue to grow larger year after year but only the latest-year's portion is tender enough to eat. Memorize the location of the summer-blooming purple flower stalks for harvesting the tubers in the fall and winter.

The drought-resistant plants are becoming popular in low-water xeriscapes and can often be found at big-box home improvement stores. [sourc - retrieved from www.foragingtexas.com/2005/09/gayfeatherliatris.html on 6/22/2015]

In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org].

To view this plant, go to, www.foragingtexas.com/2005/09/gayfeatherliatris.html

TO LEARN MORE ABOUT RELIGION AND THE BIBLE, GO TO,

1) iris89.conforums.com/

2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/

3) religioustruths.lefora.com/

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To enjoy an online Bible study called “Follow the Christ” go to, www.network54.com/Forum/403209/thread/1417398076/last-1417398076/Digital+Book+On+18+Part+Follow+Christ+Bible+Study

Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!

[iris89]

Hi Everyone:

Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Garcinia morella is a species of tree in the Clusiaceae family found in India, Sri Lanka and southern Philippines.
Common names
* Assamese: Kujee Thekera (? )[2]
* English: gamboge (Sri Lanka), gamboge (India)
* Tamil: iravasinni (), makki
* Malayalam: iravi, chigiri
* Kannada: ardala, devana huli, jirigehuli, murina huli, ponpuli
* Sinhalese: kokatiya, gokatiya, goraka (??)
* Visayan languages (Philippines): batuan
Description
Trees are up to 12 m tall. Bark is smooth, and dark brown in color; blaze white.
Leaves simple, opposite, decussate; petiole 0.6-1.5 cm long, canaliculate, sheathing at base, glabrous; lamina 6.5-15 x 3.5-8 cm, usually elliptic, sometimes narrow obovate, apex acute to acuminate, base attenuate; coriaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous; secondary_nerves 6-8 pairs; tertiary_nerves obscure.
Flowers show inflorescence and are dioecious; male flowers in fascicles, axillary; female flowers larger than male, solitary, axillary.
Uses
Ripe fruits can be eaten but they are very acidic. Just like other garcinia varieties such as kokum (which is prevalent in the Indian west coast) or garcinia pedunculata, the fruit can be preserved by slicing into thin pieces and then drying under sun. It can be made into pickles. Bodos cook the unripe fruit as vegetable with fish. Achutney can be made by boiling the fruit. In Assam, dried and preserved slices are added to black green pulses to make a popular slightly acidic curry. Dried up fruit slices are valued as a traditional remedy for dysentery.[2] In Ayurveda the fruits are used in the treatment of dysentery, gastritis, etc. and is said to have anti inflammatory properties.[3] When the bark is cut it exudes a yellow resin calledgamboge that is used in food, paints and medicines. It can be used as a rootstock for the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana).[4]
Chemistry
The xanthonoids gaudichaudione A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, gaudichaudiic acid A, B, C, D, E, morellic acid and forbesione fromG. gaudichaudii.[5]
References
1. ^ Garcinia morella on www.globinmed.com
2. ^ to:a b "Wild Edible Plants of Assam" (PDF). Director, Forest Communication, Forest Department, Assam, India.
3. ^ Tamala – Garcinia morella Uses, Dose, Research at easyayurveda.com/2015/04/23/tamala-garcinia-morella-uses-dose-research/
4. ^ Useful Tropical Plants: Garcinia morella at tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Garcinia+morella
5. ^ Novel cytotoxic polyprenylated xanthonoids from Garcinia gaudichaudii (Guttiferae). Shu-Geng Cao, Valerie H. L. Sng, Xiao-Hua Wu, a, Keng-Yeow Sim, B. H. K. Tan, J. T. Pereira and S. H. Goh, Tetrahedron, Volume 54, Issue 36, 3 September 1998, Pages 10915-10924, doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(98)00644-9
[sourc - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garcinia_morella on 10/15/2015]

In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org].

To view this plant, go to, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garcinia_morella

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Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!

TO LEARN MORE ABOUT RELIGION, GO TO WWW.JW.ORG

[iris89]

Hi Everyone:

Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the The purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), colloquially known simply as mangosteen, is tropical evergreen tree believed to have originated in the Sunda Islands and the Moluccas of Indonesia. It grows mainly in Southeast Asia, and also in tropical countries such as Colombia, Sri Lanka, in the state of Kerala in India and in Puerto Rico and Hawaii,[1][2] where the tree has been introduced. The tree grows from 6 to 25 m (19.7 to 82.0 ft) tall.[3] The fruit of the mangosteen is sweet and tangy, juicy, somewhat fibrous, with fluid-filled vesicles (like the flesh of citrus fruits), with an inedible, deep reddish-purple colored rind (exocarp) when ripe.[1] In each fruit, the fragrant edible flesh that surrounds each seed is botanically endocarp, i.e., the inner layer of the ovary.[4][5] Seeds are almond-shaped and sized.
The purple mangosteen belongs to the same genus as the other, less widely known,mangosteens, such as the button mangosteen (G. prainiana) or the charichuelo (G. madruno).

History
Mangosteen is a native plant to Sunda Islands and the Moluccas of Indonesia. Highly valued for its juicy, delicate texture and slightly sweet and sour flavour, the mangosteen has been cultivated in Java, Sumatra, Mainland Southeast Asia, and the southern Philippines since ancient times. The 15th-century Chinese record Yingyai Shenglan described mangosteen asmang-chi-shih (derived from Javanese manggis), a native plant of Java of white flesh with delectable sweet and sour taste.[6]

A description of mangosteen was included in the Species Plantarum by Linnaeus in 1753. The mangosteen was introduced into English greenhouses in 1855.[7] Subsequently its culture was introduced into the Western Hemisphere, where it became established in West Indies islands, especially Jamaica. It was later established on the Americas mainland in Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, and Ecuador. The mangosteen tree generally does not grow well outside the tropics.

Propagation, cultivation and harvest
Mangosteen is usually propagated by seedlings.[3][8] Vegetative propagation is difficult and seedlings are more robust and reach fruiting earlier than vegetative propagated plants.[3][8]
Mangosteen produces a recalcitrant seed which is not a true seed strictly defined, but rather described as a nucellarasexual embryo.[3][8][9] As seed formation involves no sexual fertilization, the seedling is genetically identical to the mother plant.[3][8] If allowed to dry, a seed dies quickly, but if soaked, seed germination takes between 14 and 21 days when the plant can be kept in a nursery for about 2 years growing in a small pot.[8]

When the trees are approximately 25–30 cm (10–12 in), they are transplanted to the field at a distance of 20–40 m (66–131 ft).[3][8] After planting, the field is mulched in order to control weeds.[3][10] Transplanting takes place in the rainy season because young trees are likely to be damaged by drought.[3][8] Because young trees need shade,[3][10] intercropping withbanana, plantain, rambutan, durian or coconut leaves is effective.[3][8] Coconut palms are mainly used in areas with a long dry season, as palms also provide shade for mature mangosteen trees.[3][8] Another advantage of intercropping in mangosteen cultivation is the suppression of weeds.[3][10]

The growth of the trees is retarded if the temperature is below 20 °C. The ideal temperature range for growing and producing fruits is between 25 °C and 35 °C[11] with a relative humidity over 80%.[10] The maximal temperature is between 38 °C and 40 °C, with both leaves and fruit being susceptible to scorching and sunburn,[10][11] while the minimum temperature is between 3 °C and 5 °C.[11] Young seedlings prefer a high level of shade and mature trees are shade-tolerant.[11]
Mangosteen trees have a weak root system and prefer deep, well drained soils with high moisture content, often growing on riverbanks.[10] The mangosteen is not adapted to limestone soils, sandy, alluvial soils or sandy soils with low organic matter content.[11][12] Mangosteen trees need a well distributed rainfall over the year (<40 mm/month) and a 3–5 week dry season.[11]

Mangosteen trees are sensitive to water availability and application of fertilizer input which is increased with the age of trees, regardless of region.[3][10] Maturation of mangosteen fruits takes 5–6 months, with harvest occurring when thepericarps are purple.[3][9]

Breeding
In breeding of perennial mangosteen, selection of rootstock and grafting are significant issues to overcome constraints to production, harvesting or seasonality.[3] Most of the genetic resources for breeding are in germplasm collections, whereas some wild species are cultivated in Malaysia and the Philippines.[3][8] Conservation methods are chosen because storage of seeds under dried and low temperature conditions has not been successful.[3]

Because of the long duration until the trees yield fruits and the long resulting breeding cycles, mangosteen breeding has not proven attractive for transplanting or research.[3][13] Breeding objectives that may enhance mangosteen production include:[13]

* Drought tolerance, especially sensitivity to drought in the first 5 years after germination
* Tree architecture to produce a tree with a crown that is regular and pyramid-shaped
* Fruit quality including i) overcoming bitter taste components caused by changes in pulp, pericarp or aril and ii) pericarp cracking resulting from excessive water uptake
* Rootstock for improved adaptation to drought and robust development in early years of growth.

Yield
Mangosteen trees reach fruit-bearing in as little as 5–6 years, but more typically require 8–10 years.[3][9] The yield of the mangosteen is variable, depending on climate and age of the tree.[3] If the young tree is bearing for the first time, 200-300 fruits may be produced, whereas at maturity, 500 fruits per season are average.[3] At age 30 to 45 years in full maturity, each tree may yield as many as 3,000 fruits, with trees as old as 100 years still producing.[3]

Regional production
Major mangosteen production occurs in Southeast Asia, mainly in Thailand as the country with the most acreage planted, estimated at 4,000 ha in 1965[3] and 11,000 ha in 2000, giving a total yield of 46,000 tons.[8] Indonesia, Malaysia and thePhilippines are other major Asian producers.[8] Mangosteen production in Puerto Rico is succeeding,[1][9] but despite decades of attempts, no major production occurs elsewhere in the Caribbean Islands, South America, Florida, California,Hawaii or any continent except Asia.[3]

Diseases and pests
Common diseases and pests
The pathogens which attack purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) are common in other tropical trees. The diseases can be divided into foliar, fruit, stem and soil-borne diseases.[14]

Pestalotiopsis leaf blight (Pestalotiopsis flagisettula (only identified in Thailand)) is one of the diseases which infect especially young leaves.[14] Furthermore, the pathogen causes the fruits to rot before and after the harvest.[14] Additionalstem canker and dieback are caused by the pathogen.[14] Some of the symptoms of stem canker are branch splitting,gummosis and bark blistering.[14] The main areas where the disease was observed are Thailand, Malaysia and North Queensland.[14]
Another common disease is the thread blight or white thread blight disease (Marasmiellus scandens) whereas the name comes from the mycelia which resembles thread.[14] Leaves, twigs and branches may also be damaged by the disease.[14]The spores spread with the help of wind, raindrops and insects, and thrive in shady, humid and wet conditions.[14]
An important post-harvest disease affecting mangosteen especially in Thailand is called Diplodia fruit rot (Diplodia theobromae) which, as a secondary pathogen, enters the host plant through wounds.[14]
Phellinus noxius living on the roots and trunk bases causes brown root disease, a name derived from the appearance of themycelium-binding soil particles.[14] The distribution of the fungus happens through contact with infected wood or thickrhizomorphs on tree stumps.[14]

There are a few pests which feed on mangosteen leaves and fruits including leaf eater (Stictoptera sp.), leaf miner(Phyllocnictis citrella) and fruit borer (Curculio sp.).[8] Especially in nurseries, the larval stage of the leaf eater can cause visible damage on young leaves, but can be managed by biological control agents.[8] The larval stage of fruit borer (Curculio sp.) feeds on different parts of fruit before ripening.[8]
Control measures for diseases and pests
Different management options can be applied to control mangosteen diseases.[8][14]

* Measures to inhibit sun scalding to minimize leaf blight and stem canker.
* Reduction of wounds caused by insects and storm damage to minimize disease incidence.
* Change of the microclimate by tree spacing and pruning.
* Chemicals applied to root collars and tree stumps to control root diseases.
* Fungicides to control fungal pathogens.
* Biological pest control or insecticides to control insects.

Tree and fruit
A tropical tree, the mangosteen must be grown in consistently warm conditions, as exposure to temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) for prolonged periods will usually kill a mature plant. They are known to recover from brief cold spells rather well, often with damage only to young growth. Experienced horticulturists have grown this species outdoors, and brought them to fruit in extreme south Florida.[1]
The juvenile mangosteen fruit, which does not require fertilisation to form (seeagamospermy), first appears as pale green or almost white in the shade of thecanopy. As the fruit enlarges over the next two to three months, the exocarp colour deepens to darker green. During this period, the fruit increases in size until its exocarp is 6–8 centimetres (2.4–3.1 in) in outside diameter, remaining hard until a final, abrupt ripening stage.

The subsurface chemistry of the mangosteen exocarp comprises an array of polyphenols, including xanthones and tannins that assure astringency which discourages infestation by insects, fungi, plant viruses, bacteria and animal predation while the fruit is immature. Colour changes and softening of the exocarp are natural processes of ripening that indicates the fruit can be eaten and the seeds have finished developing.[15]
Once the developing mangosteen fruit has stopped expanding, chlorophyllsynthesis slows as the next colour phase begins. Initially streaked with red, the exocarp pigmentation transitions from green to red to dark purple, indicating a final ripening stage. This entire process takes place over a period of ten days as the edible quality of the fruit peaks.

Over the days following removal from the tree, the exocarp hardens to an extent depending upon post-harvest handling and ambient storage conditions, especially relative humidity levels. If the ambient humidity is high, exocarp hardening may take a week or longer when the flesh quality is peaking and excellent for consumption. However, after several additional days of storage, especially if unrefrigerated, the flesh inside the fruit might spoil without any obvious external indications. Using the hardness of the rind as an indicator of freshness for the first two weeks following harvest is therefore unreliable because the rind does not accurately reveal the interior condition of the flesh. If the exocarp is soft and yielding as it is when ripe and fresh from the tree, the fruit is usually good.[9]
The edible endocarp of the mangosteen has the same shape and size as a tangerine 4–6 centimetres (1.6–2.4 in) in diameter, but is white.[9] The number of fruit segments corresponds exactly with the number of stigma lobes on the exteriorapex;[3][9] accordingly, a higher number of fleshy segments also corresponds with the fewest seeds.[3] The circle of wedge-shaped segments contains 4–8, rarely 9 segments,[9] the larger ones harbouring the apomictic seeds that are unpalatable unless roasted.[3]
Often described as a subtle delicacy, the flesh bears an exceptionally mild aroma, quantitatively having about 1/400th of the chemical constituents of fragrant fruits, explaining its relative mildness.[16] The main volatile components having caramel,grass and butter notes as part of the mangosteen fragrance are hexyl acetate, hexenol and ?-copaene.

Nutritional content*

The endocarp is the white part of the fruit containing a mild flavor that makes the fruit popular for eating.[1][9] When analyzed specifically for its content of essential nutrients, however, mangosteen nutrition is modest, as all nutrients analyzed are a low percentage of the Dietary Reference Intake (see right table for canned fruit in syrup, USDA Nutrient Database; note that nutrient values for fresh fruit are likely different, but have not been published by a reputable source).[9][17]

Uses
Culinary
Due to restrictions on imports, mangosteen is not readily available in certain countries. Although available in Australia, for example, they are still rare in the produce sections of grocery stores in North America andEurope. Following export from its natural growing regions in Southeast Asia, the fresh fruit may be available seasonally in some local markets like those of Chinatowns.[1]

Mangosteens are available canned and frozen in Western countries. Without fumigation or irradiation (in order to kill the Asian fruit fly) fresh mangosteens were illegal to import into the United States until 2007.[18]Freeze-dried and dehydrated mangosteen flesh can also be found.
Upon arrival in the US in 2007, fresh mangosteens sold at up to $60 per pound in speciality produce stores in New York City, but wider availability and somewhat lower prices have become common in the United States and Canada.[2] Despite efforts described above to grow mangosteen in the Western Hemisphere, nearly the entire supply is imported from Thailand.[19] Canned mangosteens are also available in the United States for a much lower price, but much of the fruit's unique flavor is lost in the canning process.[citation needed]

Young fruit
Before ripening, the mangosteen shell is fibrous and firm, but becomes soft and easy to pry open when the fruit ripens. To open a mangosteen, the shell is usually scored first with a knife; one holds the fruit in both hands, prying gently along the score with the thumbs until the rind cracks. It is then easy to pull the halves apart along the crack and remove the fruit. Occasionally, during peeling of ripe fruits, the purple exocarp juice may stain skin or fabric.
There is a legend about Queen Victoria offering a reward of 100 pounds sterling to anyone who could deliver to her the fresh fruit.[1][9] Although this legend can be traced to a 1930 publication by the fruit explorer, David Fairchild, it is not substantiated by any known historical document, yet is probably responsible for the uncommon designation of mangosteen as the "Queen of Fruit".[9]
In his publication, "Hortus Veitchii", James Herbert Veitch says he visited Java in 1892, "to eat the Mangosteen. It is necessary to eat the Mangosteen grown within three or four degrees of latitude of the equator to realize at all the attractive and curious properties of this fruit."[20]

The journalist and gourmet R. W. Apple, Jr. once said of the fruit, "No other fruit, for me, is so thrillingly, intoxicatingly luscious...I'd rather eat one than a hot fudge sundae, which for a big Ohio boy is saying a lot."[21] Since 2006, private small volume orders for fruits grown in Puerto Rico were sold to American gourmet restaurants who serve the flesh segments as a delicacy dessert.[1]

Traditional medicine and research
Various parts of the plant have a history of use in traditional medicine, mostly in Southeast Asia; it may have been used to treat skin infections, wounds, dysentery, and urinary tract infections.[3][22]
According to the American Cancer Society, "there is no reliable evidence that mangosteen juice, puree, or bark is effective as a treatment for cancer in humans".[23]

Other uses
Mangosteen twigs have been used as chew sticks in Ghana, and the wood has been used to make spears and cabinetry inThailand. The rind of the mangosteen fruit has also been used to tan leather in China.
Peel phytochemicals
Mangosteen peel contains xanthonoids, such as mangostin, and other phytochemicals.[22] Research on the phytochemistry of the plant without human clinical study, however, is inadequate to assure the safety or efficacy of its use as a supplement.[22][24]

Marketing
Fresh mangosteen is marketed for only a short period of six to ten weeks due to its seasonal nature.[2][8] It is mainly grown by smallholders and sold at fruit stalls by roadsides. Its irregular, short supply leads to wide price fluctuations throughout its season. The price of mangosteen has also been subject to great fluctuations over the years.[1][25] Additionally, there is no standard product quality assessment or grading system, making international trade of the fruits difficult.[8] The mangosteen still remains rare in Western markets, though its popularity is increasing, and it is often sold at a high price.[2][26]

References
1. ^ to:a b c d e f g h i Karp, David (9 August 2006). "Forbidden? Not the Mangosteen". The New York Times. Retrieved22 May 2010.
2. ^ to:a b c d Karp, David (8 August 2007). "Mangosteens Arrive, but Be Prepared to Pay". The New York Times. Retrieved22 May 2010.
3. ^ to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Morton, Julia F. (1987). "Mangosteen". Fruits of warm climates. Purdue University. pp. 301–304. Retrieved 4 December2012.
4. ^ Mabberley, D.J. 1997. The plant book: A portable dictionary of the vascular plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
5. ^ "Garcinia mangostana (Clusiaceae)". Montoso Gardens. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
6. ^ Huan Ma, Chengjun Feng, John Vivian Gottlieb Mills.Ying-yai Sheng-lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores' (1433). p. 92. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
7. ^ "Mangosteen". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved2 May 2015.
8. ^ to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r bin Osman, Mohamad (2006). Mangosteen Garcinia mangostana L. Southampton, UK: University of Southampton. ISBN 0854328173.
9. ^ to:a b c d e f g h i j k l Crown I (2014). "Science: Mangosteen information". Mangosteen.com. The mangosteen website.
10. ^ to:a b c d e f g Yaacob, Othman; Tindall, H.D. (1995).Mangosteen cultivation. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 92-5-103459-1.
11. ^ to:a b c d e f Diczbalis, Yan (2011). "Farm and Forestry Production and Marketing for Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana)". Elevitch C.R.
12. ^ Paull, R.E.; Duarte, O. (2012). Mangosteen. Crop Production Science in Horticulture.
13. ^ to:a b Te-chato, Sompong; Lim, Mongkol (2005). "7.1 Garcinia mangostana Mangosteen". In Litz, R. E.Biotechnology of Fruit and Nut Crops. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
14. ^ to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lim, T.-K.; Sangchote, S. (2003). "16 Diseases on Mangosteen". In Ploetz, R. C. Diseases of Tropical Fruit Crops. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
15. ^ Simon PW (26 May 1996). "Plant Pigments for Color and Nutrition". US Department of Agriculture, republished from HortScience 32(1):12-13, 1997.
16. ^ MacLeod AJ, Pieris NM. Volatile flavour components of mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana" Phytochemistry 21:117–9, 1982
17. ^ NutritionData.com (2012). "Mangosteen, canned, syrup pack, per 100 g". Conde Nast. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
18. ^ Karp, David (27 June 2007). "Welcome at the Border: Thai Fruits, Once Banned". The New York Times. Retrieved22 May 2010.
19. ^ "Market Potential for Mangosteen and Salaaca" (PDF). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
20. ^ Veitch, James Herbert (2006). Hortus Veitchii. Caradoc Doy. p. 89. ISBN 0-9553515-0-2.
21. ^ Apple, R. W. (24 Sep 2003). "Forbidden Fruit: Something About A Mangosteen". New York Times. Retrieved13 June 2012.
22. ^ to:a b c Obolskiy, Dmitriy; Pischel, Ivo; Siriwatanametanon, Nisarat; Heinrich, Michael (2009). "Garcinia mangostanaL.: A phytochemical and pharmacological review". Phytotherapy Research 23 (8): 1047–65. doi:10.1002/ptr.2730.PMID 19172667.
23. ^ "Mangosteen Juice". American Cancer Society. November 2008. Retrieved August 2013.
24. ^ Gross P, Crown I (2009). "The Mangosteen Controversy". Engredea (May 21, 2009). Retrieved4 January 2010.
25. ^ "Mangosteen price too low: farmers". The Nation. 31 July 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
26. ^ Temple-West, Patrick (5 March 2008). "Tropical sweetness: harnessing the elusive mangosteen". Medill Reports. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
[sourc - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_mangosteen on 10/15/2015]

In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org].

To view this plant, go to, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_mangosteen

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Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!

[iris89]

Hi Everyone:

Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Liatris spicata, Gayfeather/Liatris

Abundance: uncommon
What: root/tuber
How: roasted
Where: open fields, landscaping
When: fall, winter
Nutritional Value: calories

Gayfeather tubers continue to grow larger year after year but only the latest-year's portion is tender enough to eat. Memorize the location of the summer-blooming purple flower stalks for harvesting the tubers in the fall and winter.

The drought-resistant plants are becoming popular in low-water xeriscapes and can often be found at big-box home improvement stores. [sourc - retrieved from www.foragingtexas.com/2005/09/gayfeatherliatris.html on 6/22/2015]

In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org].

To view this plant, go to, www.foragingtexas.com/2005/09/gayfeatherliatris.html

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Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!

[iris89]

COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [2] GOD'S VIEWS ON DEVIANT SEX AND OUTCOMES IN THE PRESENT. With the Scripture of the Day first.


[1] SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY – [Friday]

If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. 9 If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. 1 John 1:8 – 9 [authorized King James Bible; AV]

The Apostle John made it clear at 1 John 1:9, “If we say that we have not sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is not in us.” [AV] Instead we should freely admit we are all sinners, and work towards perfection and seek Almighty God (YHWH) help in bringing our lives in harmony with his righteous requirements. It is because we are all sinners that we need the value of Jesus’s (Yeshua’d) ransom sacrifice which we can only obtain by acknowledging him as our king and savior and seeking his assistance with regard bringing our lives in harmony with his Father’s requirements.

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Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to WWW.JW.ORG!

[2] GOD'S VIEWS ON DEVIANT SEX AND OUTCOMES IN THE PRESENT

Bad moral upbringing results in crime, disrespect for the rights of others, and an ever spiraling down quality of life for all, this must change if society is to survive, good moral role models must be a top priority. This was highlighted in several articles in The Palm Beach Post with respect priests, ministers, rabbis, and bishops who sexually abused children. One article, "Vatican struggles with issue of suspected pedophile priest," Sunday, January 13, 2002, clearly details how many who we look to for moral guidance are themselves morally bankrupt. This is a dysfunctional situation that we should NOT let continue, i.e., organizations and their leaders that should be active in combating or ameliorating this disastrous trend are in many cases contributing to it. The police, charitable organizations, and the churches should be in the forefront with respect to stopping and reversing this downward spiral toward complete moral bankruptcy, but unfortunately in many cases are doing just the opposite

This over emphasis on sex in modern society is the root cause behind many of the maladies afflicting our modern world, such as:

1. The AIDS/HIV epidemic.
2. The overpopulation serious situation existing in many countries.
3. Street children who have been tossed out and abandoned through the world.
4. Prostitution.
5. Unnatural sex perversion such as pedophiliasm, sex between members of the same sex, sex with animals, etc.
6. Slave trade in women for sexual purposes.
7. Sexually explicit material for minors.
8. Rapes.
9. Love triangle murders.
10. Lack of true neighborly love and fellow felling among many in the modern world.

The Greatest Plague Ever on Mankind:

First the "high-road" approach: With respect another very serious matter, the world wide plague of AIDS; this plague could quickly be stopped from acquiring new victims by living one's life in harmony with God's requirements. However, many nations and people seem to be looking in all the wrong places for answers such as medical science, when the answer to eliminating this plague is simple. It is, stop deviant and out-of- marriage sexual behavior. Homosexual conduct is condemned by God's word the Holy Bible and should be recognized as an unacceptable life style just as other deviant sex practices such as child sexual molestation are. Also, practices such as adultery and pre-marital sex are condemned.

To use a President W. Clinton era cliché, inappropriate sexual conduct and/or touching is the cause of Mankind's Greatest Plague Ever, AIDS. If it were not for widespread inappropriate sexual conduct and/or touching there would NOT BE ANY PLAGUE OF AIDS. Even those AIDS cases contacted from unclean needles and body fluids are the once or more removed results of inappropriate sexual conduct and/or touching as are most other sexually transmitted diseases. It is not a question of "safer sex," the development of vaccines, etc. as these are only the superficial treatment of this plague; whereas, the root cause is as just mentioned, inappropriate sexual conduct and/or touching. This plague and others like it will only truly be defeated when the root cause is eradicated; let's face reality/facts.

If God's condemnation of all these deviant sexual practices was respected, our society would not be plagued by the greatest disease plague of all times, AIDS, today, nor by all the other sexually transmitted diseases such as Hepatitis 'B,' 'C,' Genital Herpes, etc. Many nations in Africa say they do not know how to control the spread of AIDS, but the answer is simple, stop practicing deviant sex, adultery, and pre-marital sex, i.e., remain chaste.

Today many immoral things are practiced by a great number of people, but this widespread committing of wickedness does not make it any less wrong. In fact, this condition, now existing, was foretold long ago in the Holy Bible at 2nd. Timothy 3:1-5 which reads as follows, "Do not forget this: there will be terrible times in the last days...Men will be lovers of self...They will be treacherous, reckless, pompous, lovers of pleasure rather than of God as they make a pretense of religion but negate its power..." (NAB). Immorality in its many forms is unlike other sins in that it is a sin against one's own body as shown at I Corinthians 6:18-19, "...Every other sin a man commits is outside his body, but the fornicator sins against his own body...(NAB). In fact, the truth that fornication is a sin against one's body can readily be seen from recent medical reports even without recourse to the Bible, God's written instructions for us. Specifically, reports about many types of diseases transmitted by illicit sexual relationships of various forms such as sodomy and adultery are much in the news. Who has not heard of AIDS, Herpes, Gonorrhea, etc. that plague homosexuals and other promiscuous individuals? Thus, obviously all forms of illicit sexual relationships, homosexual or heterosexual, are indeed sins against one's own body.

-

All forms of illicit sexual relationships are clearly works of the flesh and the Apostle Paul said, "Now the work of the flesh are...adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness..." (Galatians 6:18-19 per KJV). God does not view these unclean "works" of the flesh with pleasure no matter who may endorse them be he/she a high governmental official, a church leader, a community leader, or a common citizen. These works remain condemned by God as shown by the Apostle Paul at I Corinthians 6:9-10, "Know ye...the unrighteous shall not inherit the Kingdom of God...be not deceived: neither fornicators,...nor adulteress, nor effeminate,...shall inherit the Kingdom of God." (KJV). In fact is plainly recorded that God will judge all fornicators at Hebrews 13:4 which reads, "...God himself will judge those who traffic in the bodies of others or defile the relationship of marriage." (TNTMB). This fact that God will punish those who practice illicit sexual relationships is made very clear by his actions in the past as shown by his destruction of the inhabitants of ancient Sodom for the practice of homosexuality which now is also known as Sodomy due to the well known sinful practice of homosexuality among the inhabitants of ancient Sodom. Their sinful practice of homosexuality was so salient that Moses wrote at Genesis 14:13 under God's inspiration, "...the inhabitants of Sodom were very wicked in the sins they committed against the Lord." (NAB). Their evil practice of sodomy was so flagrant they even tried to have homosexual relationships with materialized angles of God as recorded at Genesis 19:1-7, "The two Angles reached Sodom in the evening...Before they went to bed, all the townsmen of Sodom,...closed in on the house. They called


to Lot and said to him, 'Where are the men who came to your house tonight? Bring them out to us that we may have intimacies with them.'" (NAB). Because of their wicked action God destroyed the Sodomites as recorded at Genesis 19:24, "Then the Lord rained upon Sodom...brimstone and fire...out of heaven;" (KJV).

In fact, God so detested the practice of homosexuality (sodomy), including marriages of same gender individuals, he not only destroyed Sodom, but caused several Bible writers to specifically warn his followers against this practice. Moses wrote under inspiration at Leviticus 18:22. "You shall not lie with a male as with a women; such A thing is an abomination." (NAB), and the Apostle Paul wrote at I Timothy 1:9-10, "...for persons lawless and unruly,...fornicators, men who lie with males...and whatever other thing is in opposition to the healthful teaching." (NWT). Also, Hebrews 13:4 plainly shows that all illicit sex practices are condemned by God as follows, "...but sleepermongers and adulterers God will judge," (KJV).

Therefore let no one deceive you--illicit sexual practices b ring God's disfavor as shown by many passages in God's written work, the Holy Scriptures. This point is made clear at Romans 1:24-25, "In consequence, God delivered them up in their lusts to unclean practices; they engaged in the mutual degradation of their bodies, these men who exchanged the truth of God for a lie....: (NAB). Rightly, as stated in the Bible at Ecclesiastes 7:29, "...God made mankind upright, but they themselves have sought out many plans." (NWT). These works or plans of the fallen flesh are clearly identified, and I Corinthians 6:13 states, "...God will do away with them in the end--but the body is not for immorality; it is for the lord...." (NAB). In addition, I Corinthians 6:18 warns all wishing to win God's favor to, "Shun lewd conduct." (NAB), since this sin is within the body; whereas, "Every other sin a man commits is outside his body." (NAB). Also, I Corinthians 7:2 warns us to avoid illicit sexual relations in the following words, "But to avoid immorality...." (NAB). The Apostle Paul in his letter to the Colossians warned at Colossians 3:5, "Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth; fornication, uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence..." (KJV).

Since as can be plainly seen from the foregoing we should strive not to be a part of the wrong doing of this sinful generation noted at Mark 8:38, "...this faithless and corrupt age..." (NAB), where all sort of uncleanness exist as noted at Ephesians 4:19 as follows, "Having come to be past all moral sense, they gave themselves over to loose conduct to work uncleanness of every sort...." (NWT). We should take heed to abstain from these things by noting what is God's will as expressed at I Thessalonians 4:3-5, "It is god's will that you grow in holiness: that you abstain from immorality, each of you guarding his members in sanctity and honor, not in passionate desire as do the Gentiles who know not God." (NAB). Not only must we not commit homosexuality (sodomy), adultery, and other illicit forms of sexual relationships; we must not as recorded at Matthew 5:28, "...look at a women lustfully...." (TNTMB). Specifically we must guard against committing any form of illicit sexual act as God wants us as shown at Hebrews 12:16, "that there may be no fornicator nor anyone not appreciating sacred things...." (NWT) among you; but wishes all to stop these wicked practices and repent as noted at Acts 26:20 as follows, "...they should repent and turn to God, and do works meet for repentance." (KJB)>

However, for those who refuse to repent and turn aside from wicked acts of illicit sexual relationships such as homosexuality (sodomy), adultery, fornication, beastality, and all other forms of sex with other than one;s marriage mate of the opposite gender, and as directed at Romans 6:6, "...our old self was crucified with him so that the sinful body might be destroyed and we might be slaves to sin no longer." (NAB). For those who refuse to repent and stop these things a certain judgment awaits as God will give them up to destruction as shown by what he did to Sodom. Also, as shown by his action at Sodom, he can deliver the righteous as recorded at 2 Peter 3:7, "He did deliver Lot...." (NAB). Thus in closing it is imperative to recall to memory that he destroyed Sodom as an example to the ungodly per 2nd Peter 3:6, "And turning the cities of Sodom...into ashes condemned them...making them an example unto those that after should live ungodly." (KJV). To emphasize this he caused to be recorded for our guidance a warning with respect to what will come to pass on those rejecting his teachings and practicing wrong acts such as sodomy at Matthew 10:15 which reads, "Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom...in the day of judgment, than for that city." Be of good cheer win God's approval by rejecting wickedness.

NAB ----- The New American Bible, St. Joseph Edition (Catholic Book Publishing Company)
KJV ----- King James Version of the Holy Bible
TNTMB --- The New Testament in Modern English by J.B. Phillips
NWT ----- The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures by The New World Bible Translation Committee

As can be seen, the AIDS plague can be quickly controlled by the elimination of inappropriate sexual conduct and/or touching since this is the root cause of its rapid and very destructive spread. In other words, a simple, known modification of our conduct would quickly make this plague "history." Our creator well knew his creation and as can be seen from the forgoing evidence how the plague of AIDS could devastate mankind long in advance of its actually happening. In other words, our society is now reaping its own recompense. We need to turn around.

Second, the "low-road" approach: Today AIDS is proving to be the greatest plague ever to hit mankind and at the same time the most preventable. Over a third of the workforce of several African countries are now afflicted with AIDS, i.e., test HIV positive. In several countries mine owners are having extreme difficulty maintaining a workforce as so many workers have contacted this disease. Recently the president of one of these countries appeared on a US television program telling of the devastation AIDS has wrought on his country. His story was truly dramatic. He detailed how many children were being born with aids and how many of the workers of his country were afflicted. Truly a bad scene, yes, but also truly preventable.
This president, instead dealing with the root cause, was looking for a medical solution to the effects of aids. He wanted the pharmaceutical companies to cut prices on AIDS drugs to poor African countries as they really should. He was also looking for various cheap devices to permit what he called "safer sex." This president is not alone, the governments of many African and non-African countries are looking for the same things. This approach to this terrible plague is a foolish approach that may stem the tide of the plague a little in the short run, but will ultimately fail in the long term.

In California and elsewhere the medical world is now discovering that all of the drugs used to treat AIDS start to lose their effectiveness over the long term. The drugs that were heralded as major breakthroughs when first used because of their short term miraculous results are losing their punch. Long term AIDS patients once more are on a downward spiral. Perhaps some new medical breakthrough will once more slow this inevitable downward spiral, but the victims quality of life will continue to decrease. Eventually all AIDS suffers will end up dying a painful death unless they die of an accident or other unforeseen circumstance first. Therefore, the only sensible course is to take all reasonable measures to prevent the spread of AIDS.

To prevent the spread of AIDS or any other infectious medium, its mechanism of spreading must be known. For example, it was discovered that Yellow Fever was spread by mosquitoes and great efforts were undertaken to eradicate the mosquitoes. Also, a vaccine was eventually developed. With respect AIDS, its common mechanisms of spreading, i.e., root causes, are well known. They are by contact with body fluids of an infected individual. Most commonly this occurs during sexual conduct of one type or another, by blood transfusion with contaminated blood, or by sharing unclean medical needles.

Since it is well known how AIDS spreads, the control and prevention of AIDS is rather simple. Stop doing the things that spread AIDS. To do this, we should do a Pareto's analysis of these root causes as to which contributes to the greater number of the AIDS cases. When this is done, it is quickly noted/found that over ninety (90) percent of all cases are the result of sexual contact; therefore, it is obvious this is the mechanism of spread to be reduced and/or eliminated just as mosquitoes in the case of Yellow Fever.

Now of course not all sexual contact can be eliminated as it is necessary for the reproduction of the human race. However, all none essential sexual contact should be eliminated/stopped immediately; both homosexual, heterosexual, and with animals by humans. Essential sexual contact should be made significantly safer by requiring HIV blood test of all couples applying for marriage certificates and requiring monogamy of them as part of the marriage contract. If these actions are taken, the number of new cases of AIDS will be so small as to be statistically insignificant. In addition, many other problems will go away such as illegitimate children, adultery and the resultant breakdown of marriages, etc. In fact, there are even so called charitable organizations, The United Way of Palm Beach County, who want to stop supporting the Boy Scouts of America just because they took a stand against the low moral tide sweeping the world.

Of course, to eliminate unnecessary sexual contact and to make essential sexual contact significantly safer requires drastic action by the governments of the world. This would not be easily acceptable by the populace, but the results would be outstanding, i.e., new AIDS cases would become statistically insignificant and many other problems would just go away. The world would become a healthier and better place to live in.

In addition, ceasing to do things that spread AIDS, i.e., inappropriate sexual touching, has other beneficial results. It also eliminates the risk of acquiring other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) such as chlamydia, trichomoniasis, herpes, gonorrhea, and human papillomavirus (HPV), and others. Women are anatomically more vulnerable to STDs than men. When a woman is exposed to infection, the warm, moist, internal environment of the girl thingy is a perfect place for bacteria and viruses to grow. The actual risks of inappropriate sexual touching are greater than most realize since individuals committing this folly fail to consider the fact that indulging in this wrongful practice actually exposes the individual to a risk from every man/women his/her partner has ever slept with. In fact, almost all cases of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous abnormalities are caused by a STD transmitted disease called human papillomavirus, or HPV according to Mary Jane Minkin, MD a board-certified obstetrician-gynecologist in New Haven, CT and clinical professor at Yale University School of Medicing. Thus, inappropriate sexual touching is nothing short of playing Russian Roulette with ones health and life.

Details On AIDS Plague In Africa:
1. Some 20% of adults are infected in South Africa; and 36% of adults are infected in Botswana.
2. South Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Nigeria all have more than 2 million people with HIV/AIDS.
3. Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe all have between 1 and 2 million people with HIV/AIDS.
4. Burkina Faso, Cote D'Ivorie, Ghana, Cameroon, Sudan, Uganda, Zambia, Botswana, Namibia, Angola, Lesotho, Swaziland, Mali, and Central African Republic all have between 100,000 and 1 million people with HIV/AIDS.
5. Nigeria, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Tanzania all have over 1 million children orphaned by aids.
6. Burkina Faso, Cote D'Ivoire, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa all have between 100,000 and 1 million children orphaned by aids.
7. AIDS has become the leading cause of deaths in South Africa, and young adults are especially hard hit, says The New York Times, commenting on a study of South Africa's Medical Research Council. The researchers estimate that during the next decade, between five and seven million people in South Africa will die from AIDS. Young women in their 20's are dying at a greater rate than women in their 60's. South Africa "has more people known to be infected with H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS, than any other country," the article adds. "One in neine South Africans, and one in four adults [ages 30-34], is not believed to be living with H.I.V., government officials say," (Awake! June 8, 2002)

TO LEARN MORE ABOUT RELIGION AND THE BIBLE, GO TO WWW.JW.ORG

[iris89]

COMBINATION OF THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES. With the Scripture of the Day first.
SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY – [Tuesday]

For though we walk in the flesh, we do not war after the flesh: 2 Corinthians 10:3 [authorized King James Bible; AV]

Our warfare is not as the warfare of the demonic driven nations, but as 2 Corinthians testifies at 10:4 – 6 “(For the weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of strong holds;) 5 Casting down imaginations, and every high thing that exalteth itself against the knowledge of God, and bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ; 6 And having in a readiness to revenge all disobedience, when your obedience is fulfilled.” [AV] We must constantly be on guard to defend ourselves against attacks in many forms from Satan the Devil and his demons. We must fortify ourselves by taking in knowledge of Almighty God (YHWH) written word for our guidance, the Bible, and putting in practice what we have learned. We must be prepared to do battle against their propaganda of Satan the Devil by “Wherefore take unto you the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. 14 Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with truth, and having on the breastplate of righteousness; 15 And your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace; 16 Above all, taking the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked. 17 And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God: 18 Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints;” per Ephesians 6:12 – 18, [AV].

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Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to WWW.JW.ORG!

THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES:
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Garcinia livingstonei (African mangosteen), lowveld mangosteen,Livingstone's garcinia or imbe) is a species of Garcinia, native to a broad area of tropical Africa, from Côte d'Ivoire east to Somalia, and south to South Africa.[1]
It is an evergreen small tree, growing to 6–18 m tall. The leaves are borne in opposite pairs or whorls of 3–4, each leaf blue-green, oval, 6–11 cm long and 3–5.5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in clusters on the stems. The fruit is a small, bright, orange, thin-skinned berry 1–4 cm diameter, with one single large seed; the small yield of edible fruit is pleasantly sweet, yet acidic, but also containing a latexthat some people find unpleasant.[2][3]
Cultivation and uses
A traditional food plant in Africa, this little-known fruit has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable landcare.[4]
It is mainly grown as an ornamental fruit, but is sometimes eaten. The juice is known for staining very badly. Mostly eaten fresh, it is also used in drinks. It can be grown in southern Florida.
Both a male and female plant are needed in order to obtain fruit, although both sexes can be grafted onto the same plant to achieve the same effect.
ReferencesJump up^ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Garcinia livingstonei
1. Jump up^ PlantsZAfrica: Garcinia livingstonei
2. Jump up^ University of Pretoria: Garcinia livingstonei
3. Jump up^ National Research Council (2008-01-25). "Baobab". Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits. Lost Crops of Africa 3. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-10596-
[sourc - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garcinia_livingstonei on 10/15/2015]

In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org].

To view this plant, go to, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garcinia_livingstonei

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Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!

[iris89]

COMBINATION OF [1] THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND [2] THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES. With the Scripture of the Day first.

SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY – [Saturday]

A wise man will hear, and will increase learning; and a man of understanding shall attain unto wise counsels: Proverbs 1:5 (Authorized King James Bible; AV)

The true God directed men to write down his thoughts in one sacred book. That book is the Bible. Itcontains important information that God wants you to know. In fact that the Bible is NOT the product of one committee or strongman. It has over 40 individual writers who wrote under divine inspiration/guidance putting the thoughts of God (YHWH) into the words of men much as transcribing secretaries today taking transcription and then later typing it out. In other words one real author, God (YHWH), and many scribes each of whom wrote in his own style over a period of approximately 1,600 years. All of what people call or consider inconsistencies are really not such, but most often just a problem of translation and/or understanding, i.e., lack of understanding of what the original writer writing in his own language and culture meant/said in his original writing. What is remarkable, is the writers over such a period of time all wrote in harmony when even most posters on threads on this forum can not even stay on track or subject over a period of a few days and/or weeks at most with the original subject of the thread. This fact of harmony over a period so great as to almost stagger the imagination shows that it had one guiding force or author who divinely inspired its writers as humans of their own volition can not keep on track over short periods of time.

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Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to WWW.JW.ORG!

[2] Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Fuchsia'Lohn Der Liebe'
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Family:Onagraceae(on-uh-GRAY-see-ee) (Info)
Genus:Fuchsia(FEW-she-uh) (Info)
Cultivar: Lohn Der Liebe
Category:
Perennials
Tropicals and Tender Perennials
Sun Exposure:
Sun to Partial Shade
Bloom Color:
Pink
Pale Green
Violet/Lavender
Bloom Time:
Blooms all year
Blooms repeatedly
Foliage:
Smooth-Textured
Other details:
This plant is attractive to bees, butterflies and/or birds
Average Water Needs; Water regularly; do not overwater
Requires consistently moist soil; do not let dry out between waterings
Soil pH requirements:
5.6 to 6.0 (acidic)
6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic)
6.6 to 7.5 (neutral)
Propagation Methods:
From softwood cuttings
From semi-hardwood cuttings
Seed Collecting:
N/A: plant does not set seed, flowers are sterile, or plants will not come true from seed
Read more:http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/195925/#ixzz3MYI95Fc7 [source - retrieved from davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/195925/ on 12/21/2014]

Plant Habit:ShrubLife cycle:PerennialSun Requirements:Partial or Dappled ShadeLeaves:DeciduousFlowers:ShowyFlower Time:Summer
FallUnderground structures:TaprootUses:Suitable as AnnualWildlife Attractant:Butterflies
HummingbirdsPropagation: Other methods:Cuttings: Stem[source - retrieved from allthingsplants.com/plants/view/539059/Fuchsia-Fuchsia-Lohn-der-Liebe/ on 12/21/2014]

In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org].

fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org].

Fuchsias 101 – How to Eat Fuchsia Berries
September 9, 2010 by powellswood
By Jackie LaVerne, PowellsWood Gardener & Consultant and Owner of Magellanica Gardens Nursery
What?! Did that say eat fuchsia berries?!
Yes! It did!
It does not seem to be commonly known to folks who are growing fuchsias in their gardens that they are growing berries. Usually people think of those dark squishy things as a menace and a mess in their yards. But they are actually very tasty berries that can be used in many ways, including salads, muffins, tarts, garnishes, jams, jellies, even pies (although you really have to collect a lot to make pie!), and the berries are also just great to pick and eat all by themselves. And the flowers are edible too.
All fuchsias produce berries, although some varieties have much better tasting fruit than others. The berries are produced as the flowers on the plants mature and fall off. What is left behind is either a round or elliptical-shaped berry. The berries can grow to almost an inch long on some hybrids and species fuchsias, or to just 1/2-inch on the miniature Encliandra-type fuchsias. Single-bloom fuchsias produce more fruit than double-bloom fuchsias. Fuchsia berries can taste very peppery to very sweet, almost like a kiwi. The berries of Fuchsia procumbens, the groundcover fuchsia, are my personal favorite; they get very large and are very sweet.
Late summer through fall is a good time to harvest fuchsia berries. Pick the berries when they are soft and squishy; test them by tasting them to make sure that they are sweet. Be sure to use them promptly, as they do not keep well and will go bad quickly once picked. If you need to save up large quantities of fruit for a pie or tart, freeze them immediately like any other berry. When harvesting the berries keep in mind that the dark fruit will stain clothes and fingers, so remember to dress accordingly!
You can use your own berry recipes and substitute fuchsia berries, or here are two great fuchsia berry recipes to try. Do you have a favorite fuchsia berry recipe to share? We’d love to hear from you!
Fuchsia Berry Jelly

1 cup fuchsia flowers
1 cup ripe, washed fuchsia berries
1 cup sugar
Juice of 1 lemon
2 cups of water (or apple juice or apple cider)
1 apple, sweet, peeled and chopped
2 tablesthingys of unflavored gelatin
Simmer flowers, berries, sugar, lemon juice, water, and apple for 10 minutes. Let mixture cool a bit, then strain it. Add the gelatin and allow to thicken in refrigerator.
Fuchsia Berry Jam
1 lb. sugar
2 tablesthingys water (or apple pectin, apple juice or cider)
juice of 1 lemon
1 ½ lb. of ripe fuchsia berries, washed
Combine sugar, water and lemon juice in a pan and cook carefully over low heat until sugar dissolves. Set aside and allow to cool completely. Add the berries gently, folding them into the mixture so as not to break up the berries too much. Bring the mixture slowly to a boil. Boil until the mixture will set when tested on a plate. Seal in heated jars. Allow to cool completely before eating, then enjoy! [source - retrieved from powellswood.wordpress.com/2010/09/09/fuchsias-101-how-to-eat-fuchsia-berries/ on 12/21/2014]

[iris89]

COMBINATION OF THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES. With the Scripture of the Day first.

[1] SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY – [Tuesday]

For with thee is the fountain of life: in thy light shall we see light. Psalm 36:9 [authorized King James Bible; AV]
Almighty God (YHWH) is the creator of all there is, and he was the One who created mankind as testified to at Genesis 1:26 – 27 [AV] “And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. 27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.” Since He created mankind, does it not seem reasonable that He could also restore life to those who have died? In fact, this is assured to us at Acts24:15, [AV] “And have hope toward God, which they themselves also allow, that there shall be a resurrection of the dead, both of the just and unjust.”
In fact, our Creator, Almighty God (YHWH) , initially intended for mankind to live forever on earth according to Genesis 2:15 – 17, and they read as follows, “And the LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it. 16 And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: 17 But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.” [AV] . Showing His intention for them to live for ever and care for the garden, but this was contingent on their not eating of the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

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Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to WWW.JW.ORG!

THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES:
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Garcinia kola (bitter kola, a name sometimes also used for G. afzelii) is a species of flowering plant in the Clusiaceae or Guttiferae family. It is found in Benin,Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia,Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra Leone. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Garcinia kola or bitter kola is a tree that grows in the rain forests of west Africa. The fruit, seeds, nuts and bark of the plant have been used for centuries in folk medicineto treat ailments from coughs to fever. According to a report from the Center For International Forestry Research, garcinia kola trade is still important to the tribes and villages in Nigeria. As with any herb, never consume garcinia kola without first discussing its use and benefits with your physician, especially if you are currently being treated for other medical conditions or are on any medications.
Traditional medicine
Garcinia kola is traditionally used by African medicinemen who believe that it has purgative, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial properties.[2] The seeds are used for bronchitis, throat infections, colic, head or chest colds, and cough.[2] It is also used for liver disorders and as a chewing stick.[2]
Barriers to cultivation
Despite its socio-economic importance of Garcinia kola, the cultivation of the species is very much limited. Factors that have discouraged farmers from growing Garcinia kola include difficulties encountered in the germination which reduces the availability of seedlings in the nurseries for possible plantation establishment. Most of the productive trees are those which were left in the wild when farm plots were cut out of the forest (Adebisi, 2004). Researchers have studied the germination problems of G. kola seeds and suggested various means of breaking its dormancy (Gyimah, 2000, Anegbeh et al., 2006, Kanmegne and Ndoumou, 2007, Oboho and Urughu, 2010, Oboho and Ogana, 2011). But there is still a great need to investigate more simple and practicable methods that could be easily adopted by the farmers with low technological input. G. kola seeds has both seeds coat dormancy and physiological dormancy probably imposed by the chemicals in the seed (Oboho and Urughu 2010). Seed coat dormancy of Garcinia kola can be reduced by removing the seed coat before sowing while the physiological dormancy can be reduced by soaking in water for 72 hours (Yakubu et al., 2014). the removal of the seed coat, soaking in water for 72 hours, placing inside air tight transparent polythene bag and sprinkling of water on the seeds when needed for constant moisture will give early germination period of 2 weeks (Yakubu et al., 2014).
References
1. Jump up^ Cheek. M. 2004. Garcinia kola. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Downloaded on 20 July 2007.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c Maurice Iwu, Angela R. Duncan, and Chris O. Okunji, New Antimicrobials of Plant Origin p. 457–462. 1999, ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA
[sourc - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garcinia_kola on 10/15/2015]

In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org].

To view this plant, go to, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garcinia_kola

TO LEARN MORE ABOUT RELIGION AND THE BIBLE, GO TO,

1) iris89.conforums.com/

2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/

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7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/

To enjoy an online Bible study called “Follow the Christ” go to, www.network54.com/Forum/403209/thread/1417398076/last-1417398076/Digital+Book+On+18+Part+Follow+Christ+Bible+Study

Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!

[iris89]

Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, the long distance fuchsia.

View flowers and fruit at www.google.com/search?q=long+distance+fuchsia+plant&client=opera&hs=euX&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=HGOXVOvYGsPkyAPbvIHADQ&ved=0CB8QsAQ&biw=1024&bih=660

Fuchsia plants bear exotic-looking, two-toned blossoms that provide striking color and tropical ambiance. They are perfect for hanging baskets, though they look just as nice when allowed to cascade from a large planter sitting on the ground or on a pedestal. Don't be intimidated by their delicate beauty: fuchsias are easier to grow than you might think!

Fuchsia plants, pronounced FEW-sha, are also called Lady's Eardrops, for their gracefully dangling flowers. They prefer partial shade along with frequent feedings with a water-soluble fertilizer during their blooming season. Potting soil should be high in organic matter and have excellent moisture retention, but be allowed to drain. We recommend 2 to 4 fuschia plants per container for maximum visual impact! [source - retrieved from www.gardenharvestsupply.com/productcart/pc/fuchsia-plants-fuchsia-flowers-potted-fuchsia-for-sale-c167.htm on 12/21/2014]

Planting a Fuchsia Border:
Recently we had a request from a member to suggest tall Fuchsias for a border planting with small Fuchsias to use as ground cover which would harmonise with the tall ones. The member lives in the Southern Highlands so hardy /easily grown varieties were needed.

Site: The space for the border needs to be 2 to 4 metres wide to allow for growth. Fuchsias like dappled shade in summer with more light in winter. Deciduous trees are good as they provide both. Tall trees such as eucalypts, which have a high canopy and allow the winter sun to penetrate under the tree as well as provide dappled shade in Summer, also work. Fuchsias grown in full shade will have problems flowering and may develop long and lanky growth. They like morning sun or very late afternoon sun. Fuchsias really dislike western sun, wind and frost.

Soil: Planting a border is easier than planting a hedge but the need for good soil preparation is vital. As with roses, the soil needs to be prepared several weeks before planting with enough time for the plants to establish before both the hot summer weather and the coldest part of the winter occur. Late winter for Spring planting or midsummer for early Autumn planting are best. You can dig deeply into the soil already there and improve it or, if you prefer, build up the bed 15cm (6”) to 25cm (10”) above the ground level with good soil mixed with cow and/or other manures, blood and bone and add lots of humus such as aged leaf and grass clippings, compost or stable manures
This step is important as it provides the plants with a good base with rich, free draining soil. Raised beds also allow you to dig a deep and wide hole for each plant. After preparing the soil, spread blood and bone or Organic Life over the soil then cover with good mulch. Moisten the soil and leave for some six weeks before planting.

Selecting Plants: Depending on your site and climate you may need to use very hardy frost or heat tolerant plants. You will also need to consider ultimate height after two or three year’s growth as well as ease of access to the border. If you have chosen to have a very wide border then a simple path using flagging or stepping stones will allow you to access the plants without breaking their brittle branches or compacting the soil. Position all the plants before planting. Smaller plants tend to settle in better than large plants. I usually use plants in 5” or 6” pots like those we sell at the Fair and Festival.

Spacing: Fuchsias need good air circulation so be generous when spacing the small plants. If the border is long and wide then plant in a triangle of three plants of the same cultivar to allow for a good block of colour. In a narrow border just use one plant of each cultivar but don’t be too het up about planting in straight lines. A slight zigzag effect will give each plant more space. Leave 60cm ( 2 feet) between plants to allow for growth. In the first year add small perennials such as brachycome, pinks, dianthus, cranesbills, lupins or annuals such as Lobelia, Alyssum, small begonias etc or even Bulbs such as Star Flowers, baby daffodils, Freesias, Muscari and Bluebells which can be left in the ground. In the front of the border choose trailers. Plant them at the widest space of the triangle or zigzag in about 30cm (12”) from the edge to allow for growth. Choose prolific flowerers like La Campanella, Micky Goult, Blue Lagoon rather than spectacular doubles which may have fewer flowers. If the bed has been built up the trailers will spill over the ‘hill’ at the edge of the border.

Care of the Border: With good soil preparation, the plants will make good growth during the first season. If you have planted in Autumn and your area gets very cold weather and/ or frost you will probably need to protect the baby plants. Cover the bed with good mulch. You can even place newspaper around the plants but not too close to the stem to allow plenty of moisture to penetrate. Tree sleeves can be placed over the plants to protect them. Just insert three sticks then place the tree sleeves over the sticks and the plant. If the plants are affected by frost/ cold do not cut back but leave them until the Spring when they will reshoot. I leave all my in ground plants alone until Spring when I tidy them up as new growth appears naturally. That is when you can dig gently around the plant to allow air into the soil, fertilize with a good balanced fertilizer and water well then cover with mulch. This should be all they will need for three to four months other than removing debris around the base and pinch pruning two or three times as they grow. You may want to foliar fertilize with a high potassium fertilizer such as Thrive Fruit and Flower or Better Bloom as flowers form.
In Summer (I do mine after Christmas) give the plants a trim back then dig lightly over the bed with a hoe, water then add more good organic fertilizer and renew the mulch for a good autumn show. [source - retrieved from www.fuchsiaclubnsw.com/html/sub/helpfullstuff/PlantingaFuchsiaBorder.html on 12/21 /2014]

GROWING FUCHIAS IN THE HOME GARDEN.
INTRODUCTION
Fuchsia are very rewarding plants to grow, they flower for a long period of time and will grow in a wide range of positions. When you select a plant, look for a compact bushy specimen with healthy leaves and a strong root system. If you want to see what the root system looks like, ask a shop assistant to tap the plant out of the pot for you. NEVER take the plant out of its pot before you buy it.
Fuchsias will flourish quite well in moderate garden positions providing that they have the right position and proper care. To accomplish the best results, Fuchsias need strong filtered light and plenty of fresh air. Fuchsias do not like too much heat and need to be protected from frosts and hot winds. They must be kept moist, but not wet and they need protection from the strong after noon sun. Most Australian gardens will have a position somewhere in the garden that will accommodate growing fuchsias.
An ideal situation can be created under a structure with medium grade shade cloth, shade from trees or buildings.

GARDEN FUCHSIAS
When deciding to grow Fuchsias in the garden, Autumn is really the best time to be planting out, as the weather is milder and the plants establish themselves before next the summer. If you plant out Fuchsias at any other time, special care and constant attention is needed.
Ideally, grow fuchsias in a spot that receives abundance of morning sun and protection from strong winds. The area that you are going to plant your fuchsia in should be well prepared and well-drained, fuchsias can't handle wet feet.
Some varieties of Fuchsias, if they are planted at the right time and are established properly in the ground will take a lot more sun. But you need to understand their most important needs.

SOIL PREPARATION
Dig a hole 6 inches deeper than the height of the plant container. Mix some Compost, blended with some well rotted Cow Manure into the bottom of the hole.
The width of the hole should be dug wide enough so that there is plenty of room left when the plant ball is placed into the hole. Once the plant has been inserted into the hole the gap around the root system should be half the width of the new plant root ball all the way around. This then allows enough space to replace the new prepared soil mixture around the plant ball.

PLANTING
A 140mm pot is a ‘throw away pot’, so the plant should potted as soon as possible. The plant should not be planted too deeply and the soil should be lightly firmed down and well watered after planting. The average person tends to pack the soil too loosely around the plant and later on the roots are exposed after the soil has settled down.
Mulching the garden bed, especially in the summer months, helps to make clay soils more friable and free draining and a soil which will retain moisture.

PLANTING IN WIRE BASKETS
A basket Fuchsia variety needs a basket 350mm (14") or bigger. A wire baskets lined with coconut fibre is preferable to plastic as it keeps the root system cooler and provides good drainage.

PLANTING IN TUBS
An upright Fuchsia best planted in a cement, terracotta or plastic pot at least 250mm (10") in diameter.
Stand the containers off the ground on bricks or pot legs and this will allow the water to drain away from the soil. I can't stress enough how important it is to make sure that the fuchsia plants do not become under or over watered especially in container grown plants.
The self-draining pots are the best way for growing fuchsia plants. These type of pots ensure that the plants are supplied with the correct amount of water all the year round. The pots can be connected to an automatic or manual drip watering system.
Empty the water out of the bottom storage area once a month and leave for several days before refilling. This will help to prevent algae and mosquitoes breeding in the water. It will also let the roots that are growing through the drainage plate die. If the roots are left to penetrate through and grow they will fill the area below and take up vital water storage room.

WATERING
The correct amount of moisture for the plants are very important and it is impossible to tell you how much water to give each plant. Sandy soils need more water than heavy loam soils and plants in areas protected from winds need less water than plants in unprotected positions.
Fuchsia plants need to be kept moist, but not waterlogged.
The most important point to remember is that a fuchsia plant should never be allowed to become dry. Always check your plants regularly to make sure the soil is moist. If the plants are on a drip system, regularly inspect the drippers to see if they are working correctly while the system is working. Deep watering more frequently during summer, is sufficient.
WIRE BASKETS.
It is important that the Fuchsias do no dry out. Basket Fuchsias are inclined to dry out quickly, so on hot windy days, take them down and place on the ground in a cool position and water early in the morning. Only replace to their original position when the weather becomes cooler.

FEEDING
Fuchsias aren't the hungriest of plants and they're usually happy with a couple of basic annual feeds of Dynamic Lifter or Yates Blood and Bone. In addition, when they're making plenty of spring growth, water them every couple of weeks with Thrive Flower & Fruit or Aquasol. Feed potted fuchsias with Nutricote orAUSSIECOTE (Click here for further information on this product) in the spring and this will keep the plants healthy and full of growth.

PRUNING YOUR FUCHSIAS
September is the time to finger pruning 'stopping' the fuchsias, this is a method of pruning the tips, which means pinching out the central bud at the end of each shoot.
This encourages side shoots and makes the plant grow thickly and lushly. In mid summer, if the plant is starting to look tired, give it a good cut back and some more fertiliser to promote new growth.
A hard prune should always be executed in July or August to maintain healthy growth. Clip the plant back to just above the hard wood and remove straggly and weak growth. This is also the time to re-pot if the plant has outgrown its container. Pot into a larger container or root prune and repot into the same container, replenishing the soil.
A light trim prune in January, or before the hottest weather, is ideal in areas with hot dry summers. The advantage of this trim is to have a smaller plant without flowers through the hottest months. Trim back behind the flowers to healthy leaves and shoots, making sure there are plenty of leaves on the plant. The plant will only be out of flower for 4-6 weeks and will then flower through the autumn and winter.
In frost prone areas, be careful not to prune during the heaviest frost period as new shoots are tender and will burn. If plants are affected by frost, wait until the frosts are over before doing any pruning.
Pruning is also the time to fertilise as pruning encourages new growth and feeding is important for healthy plants.

STANDARD FUCHSIAS
Standard Fuchsias can be developed by selecting a plant with one strong stem. They can be trained as standards by tying a main stem to a stake. Remove the side shoots as they develop, but not the top. Do not take away the leaves from the main stem as the plant needs these to continue growing. When the desired height is reached, pinch out the growing tip, leaving up to four sets of side shoots below the pinch intact, and proceed pruning the tips off the side shoots until a well shaped head is developed. Only remove the leaves from the stem when there are plenty of leaves on the head of the plant.
Fuchsias can be trained as standards by tying a main stem to a stake and removing the lower shoots from the stem. Discontinue liquid feeding until a regrowth commences.

FUCHSIA PESTS AND DISEASES
Fuchsias aren't troubled by very many insect pests but they can be attacked by caterpillars and thrips. Most caterpillars can be removed by hand or, for a quick fix, sprayed with Pyrethrum. Confidor, SYSTEX or Folimat. will give long-lasting control of thrips (tiny sucking insects that cause leaves to silver leaves) and aphids.
Rust is the most common fungal problem that affects fuchsias. Control with Baycor fungicide. This product is so effective it's used by many commercial fuchsia growers.
Lastly, protect fuchsias from extreme conditions of heat, wind and cold by spraying the plants with Seasol every couple of months. [source - retrieved from www.heyne.com.au/gardencentre/factsheets/factsheet.php/fuchsias.htm on 12/21/2014]

In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org].

Fuchsias 101 – How to Eat Fuchsia Berries
September 9, 2010 by powellswood
By Jackie LaVerne, PowellsWood Gardener & Consultant and Owner of Magellanica Gardens Nursery
What?! Did that say eat fuchsia berries?!
Yes! It did!
It does not seem to be commonly known to folks who are growing fuchsias in their gardens that they are growing berries. Usually people think of those dark squishy things as a menace and a mess in their yards. But they are actually very tasty berries that can be used in many ways, including salads, muffins, tarts, garnishes, jams, jellies, even pies (although you really have to collect a lot to make pie!), and the berries are also just great to pick and eat all by themselves. And the flowers are edible too.
All fuchsias produce berries, although some varieties have much better tasting fruit than others. The berries are produced as the flowers on the plants mature and fall off. What is left behind is either a round or elliptical-shaped berry. The berries can grow to almost an inch long on some hybrids and species fuchsias, or to just 1/2-inch on the miniature Encliandra-type fuchsias. Single-bloom fuchsias produce more fruit than double-bloom fuchsias. Fuchsia berries can taste very peppery to very sweet, almost like a kiwi. The berries of Fuchsia procumbens, the groundcover fuchsia, are my personal favorite; they get very large and are very sweet.
Late summer through fall is a good time to harvest fuchsia berries. Pick the berries when they are soft and squishy; test them by tasting them to make sure that they are sweet. Be sure to use them promptly, as they do not keep well and will go bad quickly once picked. If you need to save up large quantities of fruit for a pie or tart, freeze them immediately like any other berry. When harvesting the berries keep in mind that the dark fruit will stain clothes and fingers, so remember to dress accordingly!
You can use your own berry recipes and substitute fuchsia berries, or here are two great fuchsia berry recipes to try. Do you have a favorite fuchsia berry recipe to share? We’d love to hear from you!
Fuchsia Berry Jelly

1 cup fuchsia flowers
1 cup ripe, washed fuchsia berries
1 cup sugar
Juice of 1 lemon
2 cups of water (or apple juice or apple cider)
1 apple, sweet, peeled and chopped
2 tablesthingys of unflavored gelatin
Simmer flowers, berries, sugar, lemon juice, water, and apple for 10 minutes. Let mixture cool a bit, then strain it. Add the gelatin and allow to thicken in refrigerator.
Fuchsia Berry Jam
1 lb. sugar
2 tablesthingys water (or apple pectin, apple juice or cider)
juice of 1 lemon
1 ½ lb. of ripe fuchsia berries, washed
Combine sugar, water and lemon juice in a pan and cook carefully over low heat until sugar dissolves. Set aside and allow to cool completely. Add the berries gently, folding them into the mixture so as not to break up the berries too much. Bring the mixture slowly to a boil. Boil until the mixture will set when tested on a plate. Seal in heated jars. Allow to cool completely before eating, then enjoy! [source - retrieved from powellswood.wordpress.com/2010/09/09/fuchsias-101-how-to-eat-fuchsia-berries/ on 12/21/2014]


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Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!

[iris89]

COMBINATION OF THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY AND THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES. With the Scripture of the Day first.

SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY – [Tuesday]

But when the Pharisees had heard that he had put the Sadducees to silence, they were gathered together. Then one of them, which was a lawyer, asked him a question, tempting him, and saying, Master, which is the great commandment in the law? Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. Matthew 22:34 – 38, (Authorized King James Bible; AV)

Our love for Jehovah should spring from the heart. Jesus made that clear when a Pharisee asked him which was the greatest commandment.

What did Jesus mean when he said that we must love God with our “whole heart”? He meant that we must love Jehovah with our entire figurative heart, affecting our desires, emotions, and feelings. We must also love him with our “whole soul,” or our life and being. Moreover, we must love God with our “whole mind,” or our full intellect. In essence, we ought to love Jehovah fully, without reservation.

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To enjoy an online Bible study called “Follow the Christ” go to,http://www.network54.com/Forum/403209/thread/1417398076/last-1417398076/Digital+Book+On+18+Part+Follow+Christ+Bible+Study

Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth. "Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to WWW.JW.ORG!

THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES:
Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Longan, Dimocarpus longan, it is a tropical tree that produces edible fruit. It is one of the better known tropical members of the soapberry family. It is native to the Indomalaya ecozone defined by South Asia and Southeast Asia. Description
The Dimocarpus longan tree can grow up to 6 to 7 meters in height, and the plant is very sensitive to frost. Longan trees require sandy soil and temperatures that do not typically go below 4.5 degrees Celsius (40.1 degrees Fahrenheit). Longans and lychees bear fruit at around the same time of the year.

The longan (lóng y?n, lit. "dragon eye"), is so named because it resembles an eyeball when its fruit is shelled (the black seed shows through the translucent flesh like a pupil/iris). The seed is small, round and hard, and of an enamel-like, lacquered black. The fully ripened, freshly harvested shell is bark-like, thin, and firm, making the fruit easy to shell by squeezing the fruit out as if one is "cracking" a sunflower seed. When the shell has more moisture content and is more tender, the fruit becomes less convenient to shell. The tenderness of the shell varies due to either premature harvest, variety, weather conditions, or transport/storage conditions.
A relative of the longan fruit is Lansium domesticum, better known as the langsat fruit, found in and around South East Asia.

Culinary uses
The fruit is sweet, juicy and succulent in superior agricultural varieties and, apart from being eaten fresh, is also often used in East Asian soups, snacks, desserts, and sweet-and-sour foods, either fresh or dried, sometimes canned with syrup in supermarkets. The taste is different from lychees; while longan have a drier sweetness, lychees are often messily juicy with a more tropical, sour sweetness.
The seed and the shell are not consumed.
Dried longan, called guìyuán in Chinese, are often used in Chinese cuisine and Chinese sweet dessert soups. In Chinese food therapy and herbal medicine, it is believed to have an effect on relaxation. In contrast with the fresh fruit, which is juicy and white, the flesh of dried longans is dark brown to almost black. In Chinese medicine, the longan, much like the lychee, is thought to give internal "heat"

Cultivation
Potassium chlorate has been found to cause the longan tree to blossom. However, this causes stress on the tree if it is used excessively, and eventually kills it. (source - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longan on 1/19/2013)
In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org].

Closely allied to the glamorous lychee, in the family Sapindaceae, the longan, or lungan, also known as dragon's eye or eyeball, and as mamoncillo chino in Cuba, has been referred to as the "little brother of the lychee", or li-chihnu, "slave of the lychee". Botanically, it is placed in a separate genus, and is currently designated Dimocarpus longan Lour. (syns. Euphoria longan Steud.; E. longana Lam.; Nephelium longana Cambess.). According to the esteemed scholar, Prof. G. Weidman Groff, the longan is less important to the Chinese as an edible fruit, more widely used than the lychee in Oriental medicine.

Description
The longan tree is handsome, erect, to 30 or 40 ft (9-12 m) in height and to 45 ft (14 m) in width, with rough-barked trunk to 2 1/2 ft (76.2 cm) thick and long, spreading, slightly drooping, heavily foliaged branches. The evergreen, alternate, paripinnate leaves have 4 to 10 opposite leaflets, elliptic, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, blunt-tipped; 4 to 8 in (10-20 cm) long and 1 3/8 to 2 in (3.5-5 cm) wide; leathery, wavy, glossy-green on the upper surface, minutely hairy and grayish-green beneath. New growth is wine-colored and showy. The pale-yellow, 5- to 6-petalled, hairy-stalked flowers, larger than those of the lychee, are borne in upright terminal panicles, male and female mingled. The fruits, in drooping clusters, are globose, 1/2 to 1 in (1.25-2.5 cm) in diameter, with thin, brittle, yellow-brown to light reddish-brown rind, more or less rough (pebbled), the protuberances much less prominent than those of the lychee. The flesh (aril) is mucilaginous, whitish, translucent, somewhat musky, sweet, but not as sweet as that of the lychee and with less "bouquet". The seed is round, jet-black, shining, with a circular white spot at the base, giving it the aspect of an eye. (source - retrieved from www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/longan.html on 1/19/2013)

I like certain varieties of this fruit a lot slightly cooled from being in a refrigerator for awhile, and eat them same as I do lychee. Also, the City Of West Palm Beach, FL, uses some of the trees as trees to line a few streets and they are pretty.

How this tree and other plants absorb water from the ground. Plants have developed an effective system to absorb, translocate, store, and utilize water. Plants contain a vast network of conduits, which consists of xylem and phloem tissues. These conducting tissues start in the roots and continue up through the trunks of trees, into the branches and then into every leaf. Phloem tissue is made of living elongated cells that are connected to one another and responsible for translocating nutrients and sugars (carbohydrates), which are produced by leaves for energy and growth. The xylem is also composed of elongated cells but once the cells are formed, they die. The walls of the xylem cells still remain intact and serve as an excellent peipline to transport water from the roots to the leaves.

The main driving force of water uptake and transport into a plant is transpiration of water from leaves through specialized openings called stomata. Heat from the sun causes the water to evaporate, setting this ‘water chain’ in motion. The evaporation creates a negative water vapor pressure. Water is pulled into the leaf to replace the water that has transpired from the leaf. This pulling of water, or tension, occurs in the xylem of the leaf. Since the xylem is a continuous water column that extends from the leaf to the roots, this negative water pressure extends into the roots and results in water uptake from the soil. [adapted from: www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=follow-up-how-do-trees-ca ]

Clearly this clever water transport system shows a superior intelligence of the Creator (YHWH).


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Your Friend in Christ Iris89

Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to WWW.JW.ORG!

[iris89]

***********STARTING NOW, ALL POST ON THE RARE FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES WILL BE POSTED WITH THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY TWICE A WEEK, AND THE REMAINDER OF THE WEEK WILL CONSIST OF THE SCRIPTURE OF THE DAY POSTED BY ITSELF OR WITH AN INFORMATIVE ARTICLE ON EITHER RELIGION AND/OR THE BIBLE.*********