Post by iris89 on Jul 7, 2009 9:54:16 GMT -5
Correct Understanding of 'Prince' As Used At Daniel 10:13
Some are ignorant of the fact that the word ¡°prince¡± as used in the English Bible is actually translated from up to 20 different ancient Hebrew words each having its own unique meaning, and consequently fail to accurately comprehend Daniel 10:10-15, ¡°And, behold, a hand touched me, which set me upon my knees and upon the palms of my hands. 11 And he said unto me, O Daniel, thou man greatly beloved, understand the words that I speak unto thee, and stand upright; for unto thee am I now sent. And when he had spoken this word unto me, I stood trembling. 12 Then said he unto me, Fear not, Daniel; for from the first day that thou didst set thy heart to understand, and to humble thyself before thy God, thy words were heard: and I am come for thy words¡¯ sake. 13 But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me one and twenty days; but, lo, Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me: and I remained there with the kings of Persia. 14 Now I am come to make thee understand what shall befall thy people in the latter days; for the vision is yet for many days: 15 and when he had spoken unto me according to these words, I set my face toward the ground, and was dumb.¡± (American Standard Version; ASV).
Now let¡¯s look at the translational facts:
<<¡±Prince, Princess
There are sixteen different Hebrew words so translated. The principal are 1. nasi, ¡®one raised up¡¯; this is translated also ¡®ruler, governor, captain, and chief.¡¯ It is applied to ¡®the princes of the congregation¡¯: these would be the heads of families in the various tribes. #Jos 9:15-21.
2. sar ¡®to bear rule,¡¯ hence applied to the head men in the tribes, ¡®chief of the fathers¡¯; and to the satraps in the Persian empire. #Es 1:3-21. In Daniel these same are called achashdarpenayya, ¡®chief governors.¡¯ #Da 3:2,3,27 6:1-7. Princess is sarah. #1Ki 11:3 La 1:1. The word sar is also employed for the Prince of peace in #Isa 9:6, and for Michael the archangel, and for the prince of Persia who opposed him, and for the prince of Grecia. #Da 10:13-21.¡± [source ¨C Concise Bible Dictionary]>>.
And,
<<¡± PRINCE
prins: This word occurs quite frequently in our English Bible, mostly in the Old Testament. While it is never used to denote royal parentage (compare #1Ch 29:24), it often indicates actual royal or ruling power, together with royal dignity and authority. As a rule, the name is given to human beings; in a few instances it is applied to God and Christ, the angels and the devil.
In #Mt 2:6 the word rendered "princes" might be translated "princely cities"; at least, this seems to be implied. Here the term hegemon, "leader," "ruler," "prince," is used, undoubtedly to hint at the fact that Bethlehem was the native city o***reat prince. In the other New Testament passages the word archon, "a potentate," "a person in authority," "a magistrate," occurs most frequently (compare #Mt 9:34; 12:24; 20:25 (the Revised Version (British and American) "ruler"); #Mr 3:22; Joh 12:31; 14:30; 16:11; 1Co 2:6,8 the King James Version; #Eph 2:2; Re 1:5 (the Revised Version (British and American) "ruler")). In most of these instances the term "prince" refers to the devil.
In #Ac 3:15; 5:31, the word archegos, "leader," is employed referring to Christ as the author of life and salvation (compare #Heb 12:2, where the term archegos is rendered "author" (Revised Version) or "captain" (Revised Version margin)).
The Old Testament contains a number of different words mostly rendered "prince" or "princes" in the English Versions of the Bible.
(1) sar: In #Jos 5:14 the mysterious armed stranger seen by Joshua near Jericho calls himself the "prince of the host of Yahweh": a high military title applied to a superhuman being. In #Isa 9:6, the name is given to the child representing the future Messiah. The term "Prince of Peace" denotes the eminent position and the peaceful reign of the Messianic king: the highest human title in its most ideal sense. #Da 8:11: here, again, as in #Jos 5:14, occurs the phrase "prince of the host." In #Da 8:25 "the prince of princes" refers to God Himself: the highest human title in its absolute sense applied to God. #Da 10:21: "Michael your prince." Michael the archangel is here called the prince of the Jewish people. He is the princely representative of God¡¯s people in the sight of God, a royal title suggesting high power and alliance with God in the great struggle going on between Him and the powers of darkness. #Da 12:1: here Michael is called "the great prince" who standeth for the children of Israel; supplementing #Da 10:21. In #Da 10:13: "the prince of the kingdom of Persia" (compare 10:20, "the prince of Persia," "the prince of Greece"), the expression is used in the same general sense as in #Da 10:21. Each individual nation is represented as guided by a spiritual being that may or may not be an ally of God in His combat with the devil. In the majority of cases, though, the term sar is applied
(a) to men exercising royal or ruling power: #Pr 8:16: "By me princes (margin "or rulers") rule" #Isa 32:1: "Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness, and princes shall rule in justice." Judicial power is included (compare #Ex 2:14: "Who made thee a prince and a judge over us?" and #Ps 148:11: "princes and all judges of the earth"). In some passages the word sar, having been rendered "prince," stands for "chief"; so #Jud 7:25: "They took the two princes of Midian" (compare #Jud 8:14; 1Sa 29:4; #2Sa 10:3, etc.).
(b) To royal officers of a high rank: #Ge 12:15: "the princes of Pharaoh" (compare #2Ki 24:14: "Jerus and all the princes"; #1Ch 29:24; 2Ch 24:23; #Jer 36:21; 52:10; Ho 5:10, etc.). "Ambassadors" (#Jer 36:14); "governors" (#1Ki 20:14 "By the young men (margin "or, servants") of the princes of the provinces"; compare #Es 1:3,14, "the seven princes"); "the chief of the eunuchs" (#Da 1:7); a "quartermaster" (#Jer 51:59 "Seraiah was chief chamberlain" (margin "or, quartermaster")). The King James Version renders it "a quiet prince," i.e. a prince having rest, instead of procuring rest (sar menuchah, "a sar of rest"). In post-exilic times: #Ezr 9:1: "The princes drew near unto me." They were the political leaders of the people (compare #Ezr 10:8: "the princes and the elders"; #Ne 9:38: "our princes, our Levites, and our priests"; #Ne 11:1: "The princes of the people dwelt in Jerus"; #Ne 12:31: "the princes of Judah"). Of course, they were all subject to the authority of the Persian kings.
(c) To the priesthood: #1Ch 24:5: "princes of the sanctuary, and princes of God" (of #Isa 43:28).
(d) On account of great achievements: #2Sa 3:38: "Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel?"¡ªan honorary title. Generally speaking, a prince is a wealthy man (compare #Job 34:19: "That respecteth not the persons of princes, nor regardeth the rich more than the poor"), and he is a prominent man embodying true, although mortal, manhood (compare #Ps 82:7: "Nevertheless ye shall die like men, and fall like one of the princes).
(2) nasi¡¯: usually derived from nasa¡¯, "to lift," hence, "exalted"; otherwise: a "speaker."
(a) An honorary title (compare #Ge 23:6: "Thou art a prince of God among us." The distinction is conferred upon Abraham by the children of Heth).
(b) A name given to the heads of the Israelite tribes, families and fathers¡¯ houses: #Nu 3:24: "the prince of the fathers¡¯ house of the Gershonites" (compare 3:30,35); 3:32: "Eleazar .... shall be prince of the princes of the Levites, and have the oversight of them that keep the charge of the sanctuary"; #Nu 4:34: "the princes of the congregation." They seem to be identical with the "rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens" (compare #Ex 18:21; Nu 16:2). #Nu 7:2: "the princes of Israel, the heads of their fathers¡¯ houses .... the princes of the tribes" (compare 17:2,6; 34:18; #Jos 22:14; 1Ch 4:38).
(c) Equivalent to chief or king: #Ge 17:20: "Twelve princes shall he beget" (compare 25:16); #Ge 34:2: "Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the land"; #Nu 25:18: "Cozbi, the daughter of the prince of Midian" (compare #Jos 13:21); #1Ki 11:34: "I will make him prince all the days of his life." This was said of Solomon, which shows the term equivalent to king. Of special interest is the use of the word nasi¡¯ in Ezekiel. The name is given to the Jewish king (compare 12:10: "This burden concerneth the prince in Jerusalem"). Then, again, it is applied to the future theocratic king (compare 34:24; 37:25, etc., and especially chapters 45; 46). It is also used of foreign potentates and high officers (compare 26:16: "the princes of the sea"; 28:2: "the prince of Tyre"; 30:13: "a prince from the land of Egypt"); 32:29: "Edom, her kings and all her princes"; and, likewise, of high Jewish officers (21:12).
(d) A title bestowed upon Sheshbazzar (#Ezr 1:8).
(3) nadhibh: #1Sa 2:8: "To make them sit with princes" (compare #Ps 113:8). The original meaning of the term is willing or obliging; then generous ("liberal"; compare #Pr 19:6: "Many will entreat the favor of the liberal man"; yet, it might safely be rendered here "prince," margin) or noble-minded; a gentleman, a nobleman, a person of rank, a prince. #Job 12:21: "He poureth contempt upon princes" (compare #Ps 107:40); #Job 21:28: "Where is the house of the prince? And where is the tent wherein the wicked dwelt?" The context here suggests the thought of a wicked prince, a tyrant. #Ps 47:9: "The princes of the peoples are gathered together" (compare #Ps 118:9; 146:3; Pr 17:7; 25:7; So 7:1).
(4) naghidh: According to Gesenius, this term denotes originally either a high-minded person (compare the preceding word, nadhibh) or a speaker, a spokesman; then a prince, a king. #1Sa 13:14: "Yahweh hath appointed him to be prince over his people" (compare #2Sa 5:2: "Thou shalt be prince (the Revised Version margin "leader") over Israel"; 6:21; 7:8; #1Ki 1:35; 14:7; 16:2; Job 29:9; 31:37; Ps 76:12; Pr 28:16; Eze 28:2: "prince of Tyre"; #Da 9:25: "the anointed one, the prince," the King James Version the "Messiah the Prince"; #Da 9:26: "the prince that shall come" (the Roman emperor?); 11:22: "the prince of the covenant" (either a high priest or some Egyptian king, Ptolemeus Philometor?).
(5), (6) razon, and rozen, "a high official," "a prince," usually associated with the word "king" or "judge." #Pr 14:28: "In the multitude of people is the king¡¯s glory; but in the want of people is the destruction of the prince" (razon); #Jud 5:3: "Hear, O ye kings; give ear, O ye princes" (rozenim); #Pr 8:15: "By me kings reign, and princes (rozenim) decree justice" (compare 31:4; #Hab 1:10); #Isa 40:23: "that bringeth princes (rozenim) to nothing; that maketh the judges of the earth as vanity."
(7) nacikh, derived from nacakh, "to install a king" (compare #Ps 2:6); hence, a prince: #Jos 13:21: "the princes of Sihon" (compare #Ps 83:11); #Eze 32:30: "the princes of the north"; #Mic 5:5: the Revised Version (British and American) "principal men," the Revised Version margin "princes among men"; #Da 11:8: the Revised Version (British and American) "molten images," the Revised Version margin "princes."
(8) qatsin, "a judge," "a military leader," "a prince"; #Da 11:18: "A prince (the Revised Version margin "captain") shall cause the reproach .... to cease" (probably a Roman consul; a Roman general?).
(9) shalish: The usual explanation, "one of the three men on a war-chariot" is highly improbable; Gesenius suggests that it is a loan-word, and renders it "hero." #Eze 23:15: "All of them princes to look upon" ("picked men," Gesenius).
(10) chashmannim: #Ps 68:31: "Princes shall come out of Egypt." Septuagint renders it presbeis, "ambassadors," Vulgate (Jerome¡¯s Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) legati. But the meaning is uncertain.¡± [source ¨C International Standard Encyclopedia of the Bible]>>.
And,
<<¡±LEADER, NOBLE, PRINCE
Several Hebrew words may be translated variously as ¡°leader,¡± ¡°noble,¡± and ¡°prince.¡± Those appearing most frequently are as follows:
Na¡¤ghidh¡ä, meaning ¡°leader,¡± is applied to Saul and David in connection with their being designated as kings over Israel and to Hezekiah as the king of Judah, with the responsibility of shepherding Jehovah¡¯s people. (1Sa 9:16; 25:30; 2Sa 5:2; 2Ki 20:5) The tribe of Judah was selected by Jehovah to be leader of the 12 tribes of Israel, and it was from Judah that the kingly dynasty of David came.¡ª1Ch 28:4; Ge 49:10; Jg 1:2.
Jesus is referred to as ¡°Messiah the Leader¡± and ¡°a leader and commander to the national groups,¡± at Daniel 9:25 and Isaiah 55:4. He counseled his disciples: ¡°Neither be called ¡®leaders,¡¯ for your Leader [ka¡¤the¡¤ge¡¤tes¡ä] is one, the Christ.¡± (Mt 23:10) As regards the Christian congregation, Jesus Christ is the only one rightly bearing the title ¡°Leader,¡± because no imperfect human is the leader of true Christians; they follow Christ. While there are those who ¡®take the lead¡¯ in God¡¯s service, they are not titled ¡°leader¡± or addressed as such, and their example is to be followed only as they imitate Christ.¡ª1Co 11:1; Heb 13:7.
Na¡¤dhiv¡ä, meaning ¡°noble,¡± ¡°willing one,¡± ¡°generous one,¡± is used at Numbers 21:18, paralleling the term ¡°princes,¡± for the willing ones of Israel who excavated a well in the wilderness. It also describes the volunteer contributors to the tabernacle construction. (Ex 35:5) As used at Job 12:21, positions of prominence and power are indicated.¡ªSee also Ps 83:9-11.
The Hebrew word cho¡¤rim¡ä, meaning ¡°nobles,¡± is used for certain men of influence in a city of the ten-tribe kingdom of Israel (1Ki 21:8, 11) and for Jews who held authority under the Persian Empire. (Ne 5:7; 13:17) Many of the nobles of Judah and Jerusalem, including Daniel and his companions, were taken as exiles to Babylon by King Nebuchadnezzar in 617 B.C.E., and others were slaughtered by him in 607 B.C.E.¡ªJer 27:20; 39:6; Da 1:3, 6.
Sar, meaning ¡°prince,¡± ¡°chief,¡± is drawn from a verb meaning ¡°exercise dominion.¡± (Jg 9:22, ftn) While it is often translated ¡°prince,¡± it does not necessarily apply to the son of a king or a person of royal rank in every instance. The tribal heads of Israel were called ¡°princes.¡± (1Ch 27:22) Those holding high office under Pharaoh of Egypt and King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon were so titled. (Ge 12:15; Jer 38:17, 18, 22; Es 3:12) An army chief might be termed a sar. (Ne 2:9) Jehovah is called ¡°the Prince of the army¡± and ¡°the Prince of princes,¡± at Daniel 8:11, 25. Michael the archangel is ¡°the great prince who is standing in behalf of the sons of [Daniel¡¯s] people.¡± (Da 12:1) Invisible demon princes governing the world powers of Persia and Greece are mentioned at Daniel 10:13, 20.¡ªCompare Eph 6:12.
Psalm 45, verses 6 and 7 of which are applied to Christ Jesus by the apostle Paul (Heb 1:8, 9), contains the statement: ¡°In place of your forefathers there will come to be your sons, whom you will appoint as princes in all the earth.¡± (Ps 45:16) Of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, men in Christ¡¯s ancestral line of descent, it is written: ¡°In faith all these died, although they did not get the fulfillment of the promises, but they saw them afar off and welcomed them.¡± (Heb 11:8-10, 13) The rule of Christ involves his having not only subordinate kings and priests in heaven (Re 20:6) but also ¡®princely¡¯ representatives on earth carrying out the king¡¯s directions. (Compare Heb 2:5, 8.) Isaiah 32:1, 2 is clearly part of a Messianic prophecy and describes the benefits rendered by such ¡°princes¡± under the Kingdom rule¡± [source ¨C Insight on the Scriptures]>>.
So as can readily be seen, ¡°prince¡± as used at Daniel 10:13 refers to spirit beings of great power and NOT to pa prince in the political entity known as the Persian Empire.
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Your Friend in Christ Iris89
Some are ignorant of the fact that the word ¡°prince¡± as used in the English Bible is actually translated from up to 20 different ancient Hebrew words each having its own unique meaning, and consequently fail to accurately comprehend Daniel 10:10-15, ¡°And, behold, a hand touched me, which set me upon my knees and upon the palms of my hands. 11 And he said unto me, O Daniel, thou man greatly beloved, understand the words that I speak unto thee, and stand upright; for unto thee am I now sent. And when he had spoken this word unto me, I stood trembling. 12 Then said he unto me, Fear not, Daniel; for from the first day that thou didst set thy heart to understand, and to humble thyself before thy God, thy words were heard: and I am come for thy words¡¯ sake. 13 But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me one and twenty days; but, lo, Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me: and I remained there with the kings of Persia. 14 Now I am come to make thee understand what shall befall thy people in the latter days; for the vision is yet for many days: 15 and when he had spoken unto me according to these words, I set my face toward the ground, and was dumb.¡± (American Standard Version; ASV).
Now let¡¯s look at the translational facts:
<<¡±Prince, Princess
There are sixteen different Hebrew words so translated. The principal are 1. nasi, ¡®one raised up¡¯; this is translated also ¡®ruler, governor, captain, and chief.¡¯ It is applied to ¡®the princes of the congregation¡¯: these would be the heads of families in the various tribes. #Jos 9:15-21.
2. sar ¡®to bear rule,¡¯ hence applied to the head men in the tribes, ¡®chief of the fathers¡¯; and to the satraps in the Persian empire. #Es 1:3-21. In Daniel these same are called achashdarpenayya, ¡®chief governors.¡¯ #Da 3:2,3,27 6:1-7. Princess is sarah. #1Ki 11:3 La 1:1. The word sar is also employed for the Prince of peace in #Isa 9:6, and for Michael the archangel, and for the prince of Persia who opposed him, and for the prince of Grecia. #Da 10:13-21.¡± [source ¨C Concise Bible Dictionary]>>.
And,
<<¡± PRINCE
prins: This word occurs quite frequently in our English Bible, mostly in the Old Testament. While it is never used to denote royal parentage (compare #1Ch 29:24), it often indicates actual royal or ruling power, together with royal dignity and authority. As a rule, the name is given to human beings; in a few instances it is applied to God and Christ, the angels and the devil.
In #Mt 2:6 the word rendered "princes" might be translated "princely cities"; at least, this seems to be implied. Here the term hegemon, "leader," "ruler," "prince," is used, undoubtedly to hint at the fact that Bethlehem was the native city o***reat prince. In the other New Testament passages the word archon, "a potentate," "a person in authority," "a magistrate," occurs most frequently (compare #Mt 9:34; 12:24; 20:25 (the Revised Version (British and American) "ruler"); #Mr 3:22; Joh 12:31; 14:30; 16:11; 1Co 2:6,8 the King James Version; #Eph 2:2; Re 1:5 (the Revised Version (British and American) "ruler")). In most of these instances the term "prince" refers to the devil.
In #Ac 3:15; 5:31, the word archegos, "leader," is employed referring to Christ as the author of life and salvation (compare #Heb 12:2, where the term archegos is rendered "author" (Revised Version) or "captain" (Revised Version margin)).
The Old Testament contains a number of different words mostly rendered "prince" or "princes" in the English Versions of the Bible.
(1) sar: In #Jos 5:14 the mysterious armed stranger seen by Joshua near Jericho calls himself the "prince of the host of Yahweh": a high military title applied to a superhuman being. In #Isa 9:6, the name is given to the child representing the future Messiah. The term "Prince of Peace" denotes the eminent position and the peaceful reign of the Messianic king: the highest human title in its most ideal sense. #Da 8:11: here, again, as in #Jos 5:14, occurs the phrase "prince of the host." In #Da 8:25 "the prince of princes" refers to God Himself: the highest human title in its absolute sense applied to God. #Da 10:21: "Michael your prince." Michael the archangel is here called the prince of the Jewish people. He is the princely representative of God¡¯s people in the sight of God, a royal title suggesting high power and alliance with God in the great struggle going on between Him and the powers of darkness. #Da 12:1: here Michael is called "the great prince" who standeth for the children of Israel; supplementing #Da 10:21. In #Da 10:13: "the prince of the kingdom of Persia" (compare 10:20, "the prince of Persia," "the prince of Greece"), the expression is used in the same general sense as in #Da 10:21. Each individual nation is represented as guided by a spiritual being that may or may not be an ally of God in His combat with the devil. In the majority of cases, though, the term sar is applied
(a) to men exercising royal or ruling power: #Pr 8:16: "By me princes (margin "or rulers") rule" #Isa 32:1: "Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness, and princes shall rule in justice." Judicial power is included (compare #Ex 2:14: "Who made thee a prince and a judge over us?" and #Ps 148:11: "princes and all judges of the earth"). In some passages the word sar, having been rendered "prince," stands for "chief"; so #Jud 7:25: "They took the two princes of Midian" (compare #Jud 8:14; 1Sa 29:4; #2Sa 10:3, etc.).
(b) To royal officers of a high rank: #Ge 12:15: "the princes of Pharaoh" (compare #2Ki 24:14: "Jerus and all the princes"; #1Ch 29:24; 2Ch 24:23; #Jer 36:21; 52:10; Ho 5:10, etc.). "Ambassadors" (#Jer 36:14); "governors" (#1Ki 20:14 "By the young men (margin "or, servants") of the princes of the provinces"; compare #Es 1:3,14, "the seven princes"); "the chief of the eunuchs" (#Da 1:7); a "quartermaster" (#Jer 51:59 "Seraiah was chief chamberlain" (margin "or, quartermaster")). The King James Version renders it "a quiet prince," i.e. a prince having rest, instead of procuring rest (sar menuchah, "a sar of rest"). In post-exilic times: #Ezr 9:1: "The princes drew near unto me." They were the political leaders of the people (compare #Ezr 10:8: "the princes and the elders"; #Ne 9:38: "our princes, our Levites, and our priests"; #Ne 11:1: "The princes of the people dwelt in Jerus"; #Ne 12:31: "the princes of Judah"). Of course, they were all subject to the authority of the Persian kings.
(c) To the priesthood: #1Ch 24:5: "princes of the sanctuary, and princes of God" (of #Isa 43:28).
(d) On account of great achievements: #2Sa 3:38: "Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel?"¡ªan honorary title. Generally speaking, a prince is a wealthy man (compare #Job 34:19: "That respecteth not the persons of princes, nor regardeth the rich more than the poor"), and he is a prominent man embodying true, although mortal, manhood (compare #Ps 82:7: "Nevertheless ye shall die like men, and fall like one of the princes).
(2) nasi¡¯: usually derived from nasa¡¯, "to lift," hence, "exalted"; otherwise: a "speaker."
(a) An honorary title (compare #Ge 23:6: "Thou art a prince of God among us." The distinction is conferred upon Abraham by the children of Heth).
(b) A name given to the heads of the Israelite tribes, families and fathers¡¯ houses: #Nu 3:24: "the prince of the fathers¡¯ house of the Gershonites" (compare 3:30,35); 3:32: "Eleazar .... shall be prince of the princes of the Levites, and have the oversight of them that keep the charge of the sanctuary"; #Nu 4:34: "the princes of the congregation." They seem to be identical with the "rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens" (compare #Ex 18:21; Nu 16:2). #Nu 7:2: "the princes of Israel, the heads of their fathers¡¯ houses .... the princes of the tribes" (compare 17:2,6; 34:18; #Jos 22:14; 1Ch 4:38).
(c) Equivalent to chief or king: #Ge 17:20: "Twelve princes shall he beget" (compare 25:16); #Ge 34:2: "Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the land"; #Nu 25:18: "Cozbi, the daughter of the prince of Midian" (compare #Jos 13:21); #1Ki 11:34: "I will make him prince all the days of his life." This was said of Solomon, which shows the term equivalent to king. Of special interest is the use of the word nasi¡¯ in Ezekiel. The name is given to the Jewish king (compare 12:10: "This burden concerneth the prince in Jerusalem"). Then, again, it is applied to the future theocratic king (compare 34:24; 37:25, etc., and especially chapters 45; 46). It is also used of foreign potentates and high officers (compare 26:16: "the princes of the sea"; 28:2: "the prince of Tyre"; 30:13: "a prince from the land of Egypt"); 32:29: "Edom, her kings and all her princes"; and, likewise, of high Jewish officers (21:12).
(d) A title bestowed upon Sheshbazzar (#Ezr 1:8).
(3) nadhibh: #1Sa 2:8: "To make them sit with princes" (compare #Ps 113:8). The original meaning of the term is willing or obliging; then generous ("liberal"; compare #Pr 19:6: "Many will entreat the favor of the liberal man"; yet, it might safely be rendered here "prince," margin) or noble-minded; a gentleman, a nobleman, a person of rank, a prince. #Job 12:21: "He poureth contempt upon princes" (compare #Ps 107:40); #Job 21:28: "Where is the house of the prince? And where is the tent wherein the wicked dwelt?" The context here suggests the thought of a wicked prince, a tyrant. #Ps 47:9: "The princes of the peoples are gathered together" (compare #Ps 118:9; 146:3; Pr 17:7; 25:7; So 7:1).
(4) naghidh: According to Gesenius, this term denotes originally either a high-minded person (compare the preceding word, nadhibh) or a speaker, a spokesman; then a prince, a king. #1Sa 13:14: "Yahweh hath appointed him to be prince over his people" (compare #2Sa 5:2: "Thou shalt be prince (the Revised Version margin "leader") over Israel"; 6:21; 7:8; #1Ki 1:35; 14:7; 16:2; Job 29:9; 31:37; Ps 76:12; Pr 28:16; Eze 28:2: "prince of Tyre"; #Da 9:25: "the anointed one, the prince," the King James Version the "Messiah the Prince"; #Da 9:26: "the prince that shall come" (the Roman emperor?); 11:22: "the prince of the covenant" (either a high priest or some Egyptian king, Ptolemeus Philometor?).
(5), (6) razon, and rozen, "a high official," "a prince," usually associated with the word "king" or "judge." #Pr 14:28: "In the multitude of people is the king¡¯s glory; but in the want of people is the destruction of the prince" (razon); #Jud 5:3: "Hear, O ye kings; give ear, O ye princes" (rozenim); #Pr 8:15: "By me kings reign, and princes (rozenim) decree justice" (compare 31:4; #Hab 1:10); #Isa 40:23: "that bringeth princes (rozenim) to nothing; that maketh the judges of the earth as vanity."
(7) nacikh, derived from nacakh, "to install a king" (compare #Ps 2:6); hence, a prince: #Jos 13:21: "the princes of Sihon" (compare #Ps 83:11); #Eze 32:30: "the princes of the north"; #Mic 5:5: the Revised Version (British and American) "principal men," the Revised Version margin "princes among men"; #Da 11:8: the Revised Version (British and American) "molten images," the Revised Version margin "princes."
(8) qatsin, "a judge," "a military leader," "a prince"; #Da 11:18: "A prince (the Revised Version margin "captain") shall cause the reproach .... to cease" (probably a Roman consul; a Roman general?).
(9) shalish: The usual explanation, "one of the three men on a war-chariot" is highly improbable; Gesenius suggests that it is a loan-word, and renders it "hero." #Eze 23:15: "All of them princes to look upon" ("picked men," Gesenius).
(10) chashmannim: #Ps 68:31: "Princes shall come out of Egypt." Septuagint renders it presbeis, "ambassadors," Vulgate (Jerome¡¯s Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) legati. But the meaning is uncertain.¡± [source ¨C International Standard Encyclopedia of the Bible]>>.
And,
<<¡±LEADER, NOBLE, PRINCE
Several Hebrew words may be translated variously as ¡°leader,¡± ¡°noble,¡± and ¡°prince.¡± Those appearing most frequently are as follows:
Na¡¤ghidh¡ä, meaning ¡°leader,¡± is applied to Saul and David in connection with their being designated as kings over Israel and to Hezekiah as the king of Judah, with the responsibility of shepherding Jehovah¡¯s people. (1Sa 9:16; 25:30; 2Sa 5:2; 2Ki 20:5) The tribe of Judah was selected by Jehovah to be leader of the 12 tribes of Israel, and it was from Judah that the kingly dynasty of David came.¡ª1Ch 28:4; Ge 49:10; Jg 1:2.
Jesus is referred to as ¡°Messiah the Leader¡± and ¡°a leader and commander to the national groups,¡± at Daniel 9:25 and Isaiah 55:4. He counseled his disciples: ¡°Neither be called ¡®leaders,¡¯ for your Leader [ka¡¤the¡¤ge¡¤tes¡ä] is one, the Christ.¡± (Mt 23:10) As regards the Christian congregation, Jesus Christ is the only one rightly bearing the title ¡°Leader,¡± because no imperfect human is the leader of true Christians; they follow Christ. While there are those who ¡®take the lead¡¯ in God¡¯s service, they are not titled ¡°leader¡± or addressed as such, and their example is to be followed only as they imitate Christ.¡ª1Co 11:1; Heb 13:7.
Na¡¤dhiv¡ä, meaning ¡°noble,¡± ¡°willing one,¡± ¡°generous one,¡± is used at Numbers 21:18, paralleling the term ¡°princes,¡± for the willing ones of Israel who excavated a well in the wilderness. It also describes the volunteer contributors to the tabernacle construction. (Ex 35:5) As used at Job 12:21, positions of prominence and power are indicated.¡ªSee also Ps 83:9-11.
The Hebrew word cho¡¤rim¡ä, meaning ¡°nobles,¡± is used for certain men of influence in a city of the ten-tribe kingdom of Israel (1Ki 21:8, 11) and for Jews who held authority under the Persian Empire. (Ne 5:7; 13:17) Many of the nobles of Judah and Jerusalem, including Daniel and his companions, were taken as exiles to Babylon by King Nebuchadnezzar in 617 B.C.E., and others were slaughtered by him in 607 B.C.E.¡ªJer 27:20; 39:6; Da 1:3, 6.
Sar, meaning ¡°prince,¡± ¡°chief,¡± is drawn from a verb meaning ¡°exercise dominion.¡± (Jg 9:22, ftn) While it is often translated ¡°prince,¡± it does not necessarily apply to the son of a king or a person of royal rank in every instance. The tribal heads of Israel were called ¡°princes.¡± (1Ch 27:22) Those holding high office under Pharaoh of Egypt and King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon were so titled. (Ge 12:15; Jer 38:17, 18, 22; Es 3:12) An army chief might be termed a sar. (Ne 2:9) Jehovah is called ¡°the Prince of the army¡± and ¡°the Prince of princes,¡± at Daniel 8:11, 25. Michael the archangel is ¡°the great prince who is standing in behalf of the sons of [Daniel¡¯s] people.¡± (Da 12:1) Invisible demon princes governing the world powers of Persia and Greece are mentioned at Daniel 10:13, 20.¡ªCompare Eph 6:12.
Psalm 45, verses 6 and 7 of which are applied to Christ Jesus by the apostle Paul (Heb 1:8, 9), contains the statement: ¡°In place of your forefathers there will come to be your sons, whom you will appoint as princes in all the earth.¡± (Ps 45:16) Of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, men in Christ¡¯s ancestral line of descent, it is written: ¡°In faith all these died, although they did not get the fulfillment of the promises, but they saw them afar off and welcomed them.¡± (Heb 11:8-10, 13) The rule of Christ involves his having not only subordinate kings and priests in heaven (Re 20:6) but also ¡®princely¡¯ representatives on earth carrying out the king¡¯s directions. (Compare Heb 2:5, 8.) Isaiah 32:1, 2 is clearly part of a Messianic prophecy and describes the benefits rendered by such ¡°princes¡± under the Kingdom rule¡± [source ¨C Insight on the Scriptures]>>.
So as can readily be seen, ¡°prince¡± as used at Daniel 10:13 refers to spirit beings of great power and NOT to pa prince in the political entity known as the Persian Empire.
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