|
Post by iris89 on Jun 19, 2013 7:30:12 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Black Chokeberry Aronia Melanocarpa Black chokeberry is a deciduous shrub that grows to about 6 feet tall in bogs, swamps, wet woods and occasionally in dry sandy soil of oak woods and pine barrens. It can tolerate partial shade, but produces the most flowers and fruit, and the brightest red fall color, in full sun. Best suited for zones 4-9. The leaves are up to 8 cm long, with finely serrated edges. The flowers bloom in May and are white, rounded and with a short claw. The flowers are in loose clusters of 8 to 10 up to 5 cm across. The fruit, which matures by late August, is round, up to 12 mm across, dark purple to black, and in drooping clusters on long red stalks. The fruit is technically a “pome”, like an apple or pear, where the seeds are in a stiff core surrounded by fleshy tissue. The fruit is sour, even when ripe, so that it persists until midwinter as a “last resort” food source for songbirds, upland game birds and small mammals. In northern Europe Aronia is commercially grown for bottled fruit juice. The fruit is valued for its juice which is very high in anthocyanins, blends well with other fruit juices and is reputed as a source of "phenols, leucoanthocyanins, catachines, flavonoles, and flavones" that are considered to be bioactive in humans. In the US it’s growing in popularity as a landscape shrub since it tolerates both wet and dry soil, is attractive from spring through fall and resists most diseases and pests. (source - retrieved from www.seedman.com/fruit.htm on 4/1/2013) In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. To learn more about this plant and to view it, go to, plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_arme6.pdf Now to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Jun 23, 2013 9:39:58 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on the Black Saporte, Diospyros Digyna, of the family Ebenaceae: Genesis 1:29-30 And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb yielding seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for food: 30 and to every beast of the earth, and to every bird of the heavens, and to everything that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, every green herb for food: and it was so. (American Standard Version)
The Black Saporte, Diospyros Digyna, is a handsome evergreen fruit tree, that produces a greenish-brown thin skined fruit that can be eaten fresh, but in my opinion is much better when used in baked goods. I know one German lady that makes the most tasteful Black Saporte brownies that taste even better than chocolate ones. I, myself, am a great cook, but unfortunately not the best baker.
The tree can grow to about 25 feet high with a width of 25 feet. Its leaves are very glossy dark green and appear as if someone polished them, leathery, alternate, with wavy margins. Originally the tree was a native to Mexico, but has spread throughout the warm areas of the tropics. Its flowers are quite small and white, and in Florida and the Caribbean it flowers in May and June. Unfortunately, it takes about nine months for the fruit to mature. I believe the ones on my tree will be ready in March.
The tree does not like cold and freezes at about 29 degrees F. Also the tree likes moist, well-drained soil having a pH of between 5.5 to 7.0. It likes full sun or light shade, and makes a wonderful addition to the looks of any tropical garden. This tree can not take drought conditions.
With respect propagation, seeds germinate in about 30 days, and seedling trees will fruit in about 5 years. The tree also does NOT have any serious pest problems. There is only one known variety, the Bell. The tree is sometimes called the Chocolate Pudding Fruit as the inside edible part of the fruit resembles chocolate pudding both with respect looks and taste when fully ripe, but has jet black seeds which chocolate pudding does not have. These seeds are very hard and one must be sure never to accidentally eat one. O'h the fruit is about the size of an orange.
Thus as can readily be seen, our heavenly Father (YHWH) has provided wonderful things of creation for our physical needs and made them also beautiful to behold.
Special note, Let's get a good discussion on the wonderful things of Creation God (YHWH) has provided for us. I have on this thread provided an excellent start. Let's get into growing wonders and not cults and negativity. I am a positive outgoing person and like everyone to be the same.
Now to know the truth, go to:
1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/ 2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/
3) religioustruths.lefora.com/
4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/
5) religious-truths.forums.com/
6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/
7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/
Your Friend in Christ Iris89
Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Jun 25, 2013 16:00:39 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Blackberry Jam Fruit, Randia Formosa, Synonyms: Mussaenda formosa, Randia mussaenda, of the Family Rubiaceae. Common name: Blackberry Jam Fruit, Raspberry Bush, Jasmin de Rosa which originated in Central and South America. Randia formosa is a rare tropical to subtropical fruit, growing as a small evergreen bushy shrub, usually only 4-5 ft tall in the ground and 3-4 ft in container. It can be also trained into a miniature tree. The plant is closely related to gardenia and produces 1.5-2" star shaped, very fragrant, tubular white flowers that attract nocturnal moths. Olive-shaped yellow fruits are woody shelled, about 1" size and look like small loquats. They can be easily crushed between teeth. The fruit contains two cells with small flat seeds surrounded by sweet black soft pulp tasting like "blackberry jam", beloved of children and adults. Besides tasty fruit, the plant has many other GREAT FEATURES. * Slow and compact grower. For years, it can be grown in 3-5 gal container, reaching 3-4 ft in height. * Branching habit and a dense pretty foliage. * Tolerates shade and will flower and fruit in filtered light, which is appreciated by container gardeners who grow these plants indoors or in a crowded greenhouse. * Flowers are gardenia-like and have pleasant sweet fragrance, although not as strong as gardenias. When in bloom, the bush is all covered with star-shaped flowers. * Starts fruiting in young age - 1-1.5 year from seed. 1-3 gallon container plants start blooming and fruiting when reach about 2 ft tall. * Heavy producer. A small 3 ft plant in 3 gal container can bear as many as 25-30 fruit at a time. Blooming/fruiting period continues for a few months, new flowers appear while the first fruit start to ripen. * Fall/winter bloomer. Enjoy fragrance and fruit when other plants are off-season! * Likes container culture. It requires acidic soil and will feel happy in a well-drained potting mix. [source - retrieved from toptropicals.com/html/toptropicals/plant_wk/randia.htm on 01/01/2013] In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. Blackberry Jam Fruit can take both sun and shade. However, in filtered light leaves look healthier and greener. The plant is relatively cold hardy and is said to withstand as low as 26F. However, young plants are more sensitive and should be protected from chill winds and frost. During cold period, watering should be reduced, otherwise leaves may become chlorotic - Randia formosa is very sensitive to over-watering particularly during cool season. This species is reported to be drought tolerant, however, it requires regular watering until the plant is well-established. Young plants easily droop leaves if underwatered, they may even loose all the leaves overnight if the soil gets too dry! However, the plant usually recovers very quickly and new growth comes in a few days to a week. In general, Randia formosa is easy in cultivation. The two most important requirements are - acidic soil and good drainage. If these two conditions are missing, most likely the leaves may turn chlorotic (yellow with green veins, see picture on the right) once there is a chance of a slight over-watering. This is not a fatal failure though, but effects the looks of the plant. The best mixture for this plant is - 50:50 mix of perlite and peat moss (or coconut fiber). You may add some pine bark for a better drainage, too. Use slow-release fertilizer and apply microelements on regular basis to avoid possible chlorosis. The Blackberry Jam Fruit is definitely a conversation piece, and tasting a "blackberry jam" from a gem of your rare fruit collection will always bring fun time for your family, friends and garden visitors. [source - retrieved from toptropicals.com/html/toptropicals/plant_wk/randia.htm on 01/01/2013] How this tree and other plants absorb water from the ground. Plants have developed an effective system to absorb, translocate, store, and utilize water. Plants contain a vast network of conduits, which consists of xylem and phloem tissues. These conducting tissues start in the roots and continue up through the trunks of trees, into the branches and then into every leaf. Phloem tissue is made of living elongated cells that are connected to one another and responsible for translocating nutrients and sugars (carbohydrates), which are produced by leaves for energy and growth. The xylem is also composed of elongated cells but once the cells are formed, they die. The walls of the xylem cells still remain intact and serve as an excellent peipline to transport water from the roots to the leaves. The main driving force of water uptake and transport into a plant is transpiration of water from leaves through specialized openings called stomata. Heat from the sun causes the water to evaporate, setting this ‘water chain’ in motion. The evaporation creates a negative water vapor pressure. Water is pulled into the leaf to replace the water that has transpired from the leaf. This pulling of water, or tension, occurs in the xylem of the leaf. Since the xylem is a continuous water column that extends from the leaf to the roots, this negative water pressure extends into the roots and results in water uptake from the soil. [adapted from: www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=follow-up-how-do-trees-ca ] Clearly this clever water transport system shows a superior intelligence of the Creator (YHWH). Now to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Jun 28, 2013 7:09:22 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the, Bitter Melon, Momordica charantia, often called bitter gourd or bitter squash in English, has many other local names. Goya[1] from the indigenous language of Okinawa and karavella[2] from Sanskrit are also used by English-language speakers. It is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit, which is among the most bitter of all fruits.[citation needed] Its many varieties differ substantially in the shape and bitterness of the fruit. Bitter melon originated on the Indian subcontinent, and was carried to China in the 14th century.[3] Cautions The seeds of bitter melon contains vicine, so can trigger symptoms of favism in susceptible individuals. In addition, the red arils of the seeds are reported to be toxic to children, and the fruit is contraindicated during pregnancy.[36] It is only potentially toxic only at an extremely large quantity,[37] such as possibly overdosing from concentrated bitter gourd capsules.[38] However, there has never been any case of toxic reactions reported after the vegetable is eaten as is normally prepared as food.[38] Description This herbaceous, tendril-bearing vine grows to 5 m. It bears simple, alternate leaves 4–12 cm across, with three to seven deeply separated lobes. Each plant bears separate yellow male and female flowers. In the Northern Hemisphere, flowering occurs during June to July and fruiting during September to November. The fruit has a distinct warty exterior and an oblong shape. It is hollow in cross-section, with a relatively thin layer of flesh surrounding a central seed cavity filled with large, flat seeds and pith. The fruit is most often eaten green, or as it is beginning to turn yellow. At this stage, the fruit's flesh is crunchy and watery in texture, similar to cucumber, chayote or green bell pepper, but bitter. The skin is tender and edible. Seeds and pith appear white in unripe fruits; they are not intensely bitter and can be removed before cooking. As the fruit ripens, the flesh (rind) becomes tougher, more bitter, and too distasteful to eat. On the other hand, the pith becomes sweet and intensely red; it can be eaten uncooked in this state, and is a popular ingredient in some Southeast Asian salads. When the fruit is fully ripe, it turns orange and mushy, and splits into segments which curl back dramatically to expose seeds covered in bright red pulp. Varieties Bitter melon comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. The Chinese variety is 20–30 cm long, oblong with bluntly tapering ends and pale green in color, with a gently undulating, warty surface. The bitter melon more typical of India has a narrower shape with pointed ends, and a surface covered with jagged, triangular "teeth" and ridges. It is green to white in color. Between these two extremes are any number of intermediate forms. Some bear miniature fruit of only 6–10 cm in length, which may be served individually as stuffed vegetables. These miniature fruit are popular in India, Nepal and elsewhere in Southeast Asia. Culinary uses A small green bitter melon (front) and a scoop of Okinawan stir-fried gōyā chanpurū (back) Bitter gourd pods boiled, drained, no salt Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Energy 79 kJ (19 kcal) Carbohydrates 4.32 g - Sugars 1.95 g - Dietary fiber 2 g Fat 0.18 g Protein 0.84 g Water 93.95 g Vitamin A equiv. 6 μg (1%) - beta-carotene 68 μg (1%) - lutein and zeaxanthin 1323 μg Thiamine (vit. B1) 0.051 mg (4%) Riboflavin (vit. B2) 0.053 mg (4%) Niacin (vit. B3) 0.28 mg (2%) Pantothenic acid (B5) 0.193 mg (4%) Vitamin B6 0.041 mg (3%) Folate (vit. B9) 51 μg (13%) Vitamin C 33 mg (40%) Vitamin E 0.14 mg (1%) Vitamin K 4.8 μg (5%) Calcium 9 mg (1%) Iron 0.38 mg (3%) Magnesium 16 mg (5%) Manganese 0.086 mg (4%) Phosphorus 36 mg (5%) Potassium 319 mg (7%) Sodium 6 mg (0%) Zinc 0.77 mg (8%) Link to USDA Database entry Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database Bitter melon is generally consumed cooked in the green or early yellowing stage. The young shoots and leaves of the bitter melon may also be eaten as greens. Bitter melon is often used in Chinese cooking for its bitter flavor, typically in stir-fries (often with pork and douchi), soups, and also in tisanes. It has also been used in place of hops as the bittering ingredient in some Chinese and Okinawan beers.[4] It is very popular throughout South Asia. In Northern India, it is often prepared with potatoes and served with yogurt on the side to offset the bitterness, or used in sabzi. In North Indian cuisine, it is stuffed with spices and then cooked in oil. In Southern India, it is used in the dishes thoran/thuvaran (mixed with grated coconut), theeyal (cooked with roasted coconut) and pachadi (which is considered a medicinal food for diabetics). Other popular recipes include preparations with curry, deep fried with peanuts or other ground nuts, and Pachi Pulusu, a soup with fried onions and other spices.In Tamil Nadu, a special preparation in Brahmins' cuisine called pagarkai pitla a kind of sour koottu variety is very popular. Also popular is kattu pagarkkai a curry stuffed with onions, cooked lentil and grated coconut mix, tied with thread and fried in oil. In Konkan region of Maharashtra, salt is added to finely chopped bitter gourd and then it is squeezed, removing its bitter juice to some extent.After frying this with different spices, less bitter and crispy preparation is served with grated coconut. In Pakistan and Bangladesh, bitter melon is often cooked with onions, red chili powder, turmeric powder, salt, coriander powder, and a pinch of cumin seeds. Another dish in Pakistan calls for whole, unpeeled bitter melon to be boiled and then stuffed with cooked ground beef, served with either hot tandoori bread, naan, chappati, or with khichri (a mixture of lentils and rice). Bitter melon is a significant ingredient in Okinawan cuisine, and is increasingly used in mainland Japan. It is popularly credited with Okinawan life expectancies being higher than the already long Japanese ones. In Indonesia, bitter melon is prepared in various dishes, such as gado-gado, and also stir fried, cooked in coconut milk, or steamed. In Vietnam, raw bitter melon slices consumed with dried meat floss and bitter melon soup with shrimp are popular dishes. Bitter melons stuffed with ground pork are served as a popular summer soup in the south. It is also used as the main ingredient of "stewed bitter melon". This dish is usually cooked for the Tết holiday, where its "bitter" name is taken as a reminder of the poor living conditions experienced in the past. In the Philippines, bitter melon may be stir-fried with ground beef and oyster sauce, or with eggs and diced tomato. The dish pinakbet, popular in the Ilocos region of Luzon, consists mainly of bitter melons, eggplant, okra, string beans, tomatoes, lima beans, and other various regional vegetables altogether stewed with a little bagoong-based stock. In Nepal, bitter melon is prepared as a fresh pickle called achar. For this, the bitter gourd is cut into cubes or slices and sautéed covered in oil and a sprinkle of water. When it is softened and reduced, it is minced in a mortar with a few cloves of garlic, salt and a red or green pepper. It is also sautéed to golden-brown, stuffed, or as a curry on its own or with potatoes. In Trinidad and Tobago bitter melons are usually sauteed with onion, garlic and scotch bonnet pepper until almost crisp. Medicinal uses Bitter melon has been used in various Asian and African herbal medicine systems for a long time.[6][7][8] In Turkey, it has been used as a folk remedy for a variety of ailments, particularly stomach complaints.[9][10] The fruit is broken up and soaked in either olive oil or honey. Active substances The plant contains several biologically active compounds, chiefly momordicin I and momordicin II, and cucurbitacin B.[11] The plant also contains several bioactive glycosides (including momordin, charantin, charantosides, goyaglycosides, momordicosides) and other terpenoid compounds (including momordicin-28, momordicinin, momordicilin, momordenol, and momordol).[12][13][14][15][16] It also contains cytotoxic (ribosome-inactivating) proteins such as momorcharin and momordin.[17] Anticancer Two compounds extracted from bitter melon, α-eleostearic acid (from seeds) and 15,16-dihydroxy-α-eleostearic acid (from the fruit) have been found to induce apoptosis of leukemia cells in vitro.[18] Diets containing 0.01% bitter melon oil (0.006% as α-eleostearic acid) were found to prevent azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats.[19] Researchers at Saint Louis University claim an extract from bitter melon, commonly eaten and known as karela in India, causes a chain of events which helps to kill breast cancer cells and prevents them from multiplying.[20] [21] Antihelmintic Bitter melon is used as a folk medicine in Togo to treat gastrointestinal diseases, and extracts have shown activity in vitro against the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans.[7] Antimalarial Bitter melon is traditionally regarded in Asia as useful for preventing and treating malaria. Tea from its leaves is used for this purpose also in Panama and Colombia. In Guyana, bitter melons are boiled and stir-fried with garlic and onions. This popular side dish known as corilla is served to prevent malaria. Laboratory studies have confirmed that species related to bitter melon have antimalarial activity, though human studies have not yet been published.[22] Antiviral In Togo, the plant is traditionally used against viral diseases such as chickenpox and measles. Tests with leaf extracts have shown in vitro activity against the herpes simplex type 1 virus, apparently due to unidentified compounds other than the momordicins.[7] Laboratory tests suggest compounds in bitter melon might be effective for treating HIV infection.[23] As most compounds isolated from bitter melon that impact HIV have either been proteins or lectins, neither of which are well-absorbed, it is unlikely that oral intake of bitter melon will slow HIV in infected people. Oral ingestion of bitter melon possibly could offset negative effects of anti-HIV drugs, if an in vitro study can be shown to be applicable to people.[24] Cardioprotective Studies in mice indicate bitter melon seed may have a cardioprotective effect by down-regulating the NF-κB inflammatory pathway.[25] Diabetes In 1962, Lolitkar and Rao extracted from the plant a substance, which they called charantin, which had hypoglycaemic effect on normal and diabetic rabbits.[26] Another principle, active only on diabetic rabbits, was isolated by Visarata and Ungsurungsie in 1981.[27] Bitter melon has been found to increase insulin sensitivity.[28] In 2007, a study by the Philippine Department of Health determined a daily dose of 100 mg per kilogram of body weight is comparable to 2.5 mg/kg of the antidiabetes drug glibenclamide taken twice per day.[29] Tablets of bitter melon extract are sold in the Philippines as a food supplement and exported to many countries.[29] Other compounds in bitter melon have been found to activate the AMPK, the protein that regulates glucose uptake (a process which is impaired in diabetics).[30][31][32][33][34] Bitter melon also contains a lectin that has insulin-like activity due to its nonprotein-specific linking together to insulin receptors. This lectin lowers blood glucose concentrations by acting on peripheral tissues and, similar to insulin's effects in the brain, suppressing appetite. This lectin is likely a major contributor to the hypoglycemic effect that develops after eating bitter melon. As bitter melon is extremely bitter if eaten raw, it must be cooked to make it palatable. Weight loss In combination with Chinese yam, bitter melon has been shown to contribute to weight loss. Over a period of 23 weeks, those eating the diet containing bitter melon lost 7 kilos.[35] Other uses Bitter melon has been used in traditional medicine for several other ailments, including dysentery, colic, fevers, burns, painful menstruation, scabies and other skin problems. It has also been used as abortifacient, for birth control, and to help childbirth.[7] References 1. ^ Tritten, Travis J. (March 9, 2011). "State Dept. official in Japan fired over alleged derogatory remarks". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved September 12, 2012. 2. ^ "karela - WordReference.com Dictionary of English". Wordreference.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15. 3. ^ Bagchi, Indrani (11 April 2005). "Food for thought: Green 'karela' for Red China". Times of India. 4. ^ For example, Goya Dry by Helios brewery of Okinawa 5. ^ Lim, T. K. (2013). Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 331–332. ISBN 9789400717640. 6. ^ Grover, J. K.; Yadav, S. P. (2004). "Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: A review". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 93 (1): 123–132. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.035. PMID 15182917. edit 7. ^ a b c d Beloin, N.; Gbeassor, M.; Akpagana, K.; Hudson, J.; De Soussa, K.; Koumaglo, K.; Arnason, J. T. (2005). "Ethnomedicinal uses of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) in Togo and relation to its phytochemistry and biological activity". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 96 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.009. PMID 15588650. edit 8. ^ Ananya Paul and Sarmistha Sen Raychaudhuri (2010), Medicinal uses and molecular identification of two Momordica charantia varieties – a review. Electronic Journal of Biology, volume 6, issue 2, pages 43-51. 9. ^ "Kudret Narı Faydaları". Beslenme Desteği. Retrieved 2011-10-03. 10. ^ Semiz, A, Sen A. (February 2007). "Antioxidant and chemoprotective properties of Momordica charantia L. (bitter melon) fruit extract". African Journal of Biotechnology 6 (3): 273–277. 11. ^ Fatope, Majekodunmi; Takeda, Yoshio; Yamanutsa, Hiroyasu; Okabe, Hikaru; Yamauchi, Tatsuo (1990). "New cucurbitane triterpenoids from Momordica charantia". Journal of Natural Products 53 (6): 1491–1497. 12. ^ Begum, Sabira; Ahmed, Mansour; Siddiqui, Bina S.; Khan, Abdullah; Saify, Zafar S.; Arif, Mohammed (1997). "Triterpenes, a sterol, and a monocyclic alcohol from Momordica charantia". Phytochemistry 44 (7): 1313–1320. 13. ^ Okabe, H.; Miyahara, Y.; Yamauci, T. (1982). "Studies on the constituents of Momordica charantia L.". Chemical Pharmacology Bulletin 30 (12): 4334–4340. 14. ^ Kimura, Yumiko; Akihisa, Toshihiro; Yuasa, Noriko; Ukiya, Motohiko; Suzuki, Takashi; Toriyama, Masaharu; Motohashi, Shigeyasu; Tokuda, Harukuni (2005). "Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the fruit of Momordica charantia". Journal of Natural Products 68 (5): 807–809. doi:10.1021/np040218p. 15. ^ Chang, Chi-I; Chen, Chiy-Rong; Liao, Yun-Wen; Cheng, Hsueh-Ling; Chen, Yo-Chia; Chou, Chang-Hung (2008). "Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the stems of Momordica charantia". Journal of Natural Products 71 (8): 1327–1330. doi:10.1021/np070532u. 16. ^ Akihisa, Toshihiro; Higo, Naoki; Tokuda, Harukuni; Ukiya, Motohiko; Akazawa, Hiroyuki; Tochigi, Yuichi; Kimura, Yumiko; Suzuki, Takashi et al. (2007). "Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the fruits of Momordica charantia and their cancer chemopreventive effects". Journal of Natural Products 70: 1233–1239. doi:10.1021/np068075p. PMID 17685651. 17. ^ Ortigao, Marcelo; Better, Marc (1992). "Momordin II, a ribosome inactivating protein from Momordica balsamina, is homologous to other plant proteins". Nucleic Acids Research 20 (17): 4662. 18. ^ Kobori, M.; Ohnishi-Kameyama, M.; Akimoto, Y.; Yukizaki, C.; Yoshida, M. (2008). "Α-Eleostearic Acid and Its Dihydroxy Derivative Are Major Apoptosis-Inducing Components of Bitter Gourd". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56 (22): 10515–10520. doi:10.1021/jf8020877. PMID 18959405. edit 19. ^ H. Kohno, Y. Yasui, R. Suzuki, M. Hosokawa, K. Miyanutsa, T. Tanaka (2004), Dietary seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acid from bitter melon inhibits azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis through elevation of colonic PPAR γ expression and alteration of lipid composition. International Journal of Cancer, volume 110, pages 896–901. 20. ^ Ratna Ray "Possible Cancer Cure in 'Karela', also known as Bitter Melon", The Chakra, 26 February 2010. 21. ^ Ray RB, Raychoudhuri A, Steele R, Nerurkar P. "Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Extract Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation by Modulating Cell Cycle Regulatory Genes and Promotes Apoptosis". Cancer Res., 2010 Mar 1;70(5):1925–31. 22. ^ Waako PJ, Gumede B, Smith P, Folb PI (May 2005). "The in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. and Momordica foetida Schumch. Et Thonn". J Ethnopharmacol 99 (1): 137–43. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.017. PMID 15848033. 23. ^ Jiratchariyakul W, Wiwat C, Vongsakul M et al. (June 2001). "HIV inhibitor from Thai bitter gourd". Planta Med. 67 (4): 350–3. doi:10.1055/s-2001-14323. PMID 11458453. 24. ^ Nerurkar PV, Lee YK, Linden EH et al. (August 2006). "Lipid lowering effects of Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) in HIV-1-protease inhibitor-treated human hepatoma cells, HepG2". Br. J. Pharmacol. 148 (8): 1156–64. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706821. PMC 1752016. PMID 16847441. 25. ^ Gadang, V; Gilbert, W; Hettiararchchy, N; Horax, R; Katwa, L; Devareddy, L (2011). "Dietary bitter melon seed increases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ gene expression in adipose tissue, down-regulates the nuclear factor-κB expression, and alleviates the symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome". Journal of medicinal food 14 (1–2): 86–93. doi:10.1089/jmf.2010.0010. PMID 21128828. 26. ^ M. M. Lolitkar and M. R. Rajarama Rao (1962), Note on a Hypoglycaemic Principle Isolated from the fruits of Momordica charantia. Journal of the University of Bombay, volume 29, pages 223-224 27. ^ Visarata, N.; Ungsurungsie, M. (1981). "Extracts fromMomordica charantiaL". Pharmaceutical Biology 19 (2–3): 75. doi:10.3109/13880208109070580. edit 28. ^ Sridhar MG, Vinayagamoorthi R, Arul Suyambunathan V, Bobby Z, Selvaraj N (2008-04-01). "Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) improves insulin sensitivity by increasing skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in high-fat-fed rats". British Journal of Nutrition 99 (4): 806–12. doi:10.1017/S000711450783176X. PMID 17942003. 29. ^ a b "Ampalaya tablets out soon for diabetics". GMANews.TV. March 27, 2007. Retrieved August 12, 2010. 30. ^ Tan, Min-Jia; Ji-Ming Ye, Nigel Turner, Cordula Hohnen-Behrens, Chang-Qiang Ke, Chun-Ping Tang, Tong Chen, Hans-Christoph Weiss, Ernst-Rudolf Gesing, Alex Rowland, David E. James, and Yang Ye (21 March 2008). "Antidiabetic Activities of Triterpenoids Isolated from Bitter Melon Associated with Activation of the AMPK Pathway". Chemistry & Biology 15 (3): 263–73. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.01.013. PMID 18355726. 31. ^ Virdi J, Sivakami S, Shahani S, Suthar AC, Banavalikar MM, Biyani MK. (September 2003). "Antihyperglycemic effects of three extracts from Momordica charantia". J Ethnopharmacol 88 (1): 107–11. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00184-3. PMID 12902059. 32. ^ Shetty AK, Kumar GS, Sambaiah K, Salimath PV (September 2005). "Effect of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) on glycaemic status in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats". Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 60 (3): 109–12. doi:10.1007/s11130-005-6837-x. PMID 16187012. 33. ^ Krawinkel MB, Keding GB (July 2006). "Bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia): A dietary approach to hyperglycemia". Nutr Rev. 64 (7 Pt 1): 331–7. PMID 16910221. 34. ^ Miura T, Itoh C, Iwamoto N, Kato M, Kawai M, Park SR, Suzuki I (October 2001). "Hypoglycemic activity of the fruit of the Momordica charantia in type 2 diabetic mice". J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 47 (5): 340–4. PMID 11814149. 35. ^ "My Microbiome and Me", Mara Hvistendahl, Science, vol. 336, page 1248–1250, 8 June 2012. 36. ^ "About Herbs: Bitter Melon". Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Retrieved 2007-12-27. 37. ^ 1997, Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University 38. ^ a b 2011, Bio-active compounds of bitter melon genotypes (Dept. of Agriculture, U. of Arkansas) [source - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momordica_charantia on 6/27/2013] In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. View at, images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?_adv_prop=image&fr=yhs-Babylon-002&va=momordica+charantia&hspart=Babylon&hsimp=yhs-002Now to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Jul 3, 2013 7:33:05 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Blue sourplum Ximenia Americana Grows to be a 3m shrub. Pale grey bark, purple-red branches with waxy blooms. Yellowish-green/whitish flowers during Summer-Autumn. Yellow/red fruit, edible. Sow Spring. Zone 10. (source - retrieved from www.seedman.com/fruit.htm on 4/4/2013) Ximenia oil Ximenia seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (approximately 92%) and therefore has a considerable nutritional value. The oil helps to preserve the integrity of the cell wall and has a restructuring effect and has an anti aging effect on the skin. Its long chain fatty acids bring a good substantivity and is nourishing and moisturizing, while Ximenia oil softens and revitalizes the skin naturally. (source - retrieved from www.essentialoils.co.za/ximenia-oil.htm on 4/4/2013) Blue sourplum (Ximenia americana): This is the most common variety of the 2 found in Namibia, both very similar and almost impossible to tell apart. Common and widespread in central and northern Namibia it can be found in the far north-west of Kaokoland and the Kunene River region and Epupa Falls, along the Kunene River, Kavango River and all along the Caprivi Strip, Kwando River, Linyati Marshes and on to Victoria Falls. The habitat range is therefore varied. It has many stems which form a thicket or sometimes a small tree growing 2 to 3m high. A smooth, pale grey bark is usually scattered with small, white flecks. Young branchlets are blue-green with straight thorns. The leaves are the same colour but with a blue-grey, waxy coating. Clusters of greenish-white flowers bloom from August to May, usually in November. The stone-fruit is yellow when ripe, although it turns dark blue when dried. This fruit has many uses and can be eaten when yellow and ripe. It has a plum or prune flavour when over-ripe. Jelly can be made from the pulp and beer can be brewed and vinegar distilled from the fermented fruit. The peel can heal sores and oil is extracted from the seeds for cosmetic purpose, eland browse the leaves and Ella's Bar butterfly and the Common Dotted Border butterfly use the blue sourplum as a larval host-plant. Branches with leaves are used for a toothache remedy and the bark can treat ringworm, fever and sores. The roots aid in diarrhoea and headaches. (source - retrieved from www.namibian.org/travel/plants/trees/blue-sourplum.html on 4/4/2013) In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. View plant and fruit at, www.google.com/search?q=Blue+sourplum+Ximenia+Americana&hl=en&client=firefox&hs=XdD&rls=com.yahoo:en-US:official&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=KO5dUZ3hKtil4APa2YBQ&ved=0CD8QsAQ&biw=1280&bih=854 Now to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Jul 7, 2013 8:53:00 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Borojó Fruit Tree Borojoa patinoi It is a native of the rainforests of Colombia, Ecuador and Panama. In its natural habitat, the Borojó Tree lives with 85% humidity in the air. The tree reaches 3-5 meters high. The Borojó Tree is cultivated for its fruits rich in calcium. They have 7-12 cm in diameter and their color is green. The pulp of these fruits is acid and very dense. It is also brown. Each fruit contains hundreds of seeds. They are ready to consume when they fall off the branches. The uses of the Borojó fruits vary from juice, ice cream, capsules and jelly. The trunk of the tree is small and sometimes separated in two or three smaller trunks. The trunk is grey-brown and harsh. The tree is an evergreen. The foliage is dark green and the leaves have a smooth texture. Hardiness zones 10-11 (1°C/35°F, 4°C/40°F) in winter. The Borojó Tree can resist small periods of frost and even floods. It needs an average temperature of 28°C. Easily grown in warm greenhouses in cooler climates. The tree enjoys moderate light. It requires good watering, don’t let the soil dry out. You may fertilize monthly with a balanced fertilizer. (source - retrieved from www.seedman.com/fruit.htm on 4/2/2013) Alibertia patinoi, commonly known as borojó, is a small (2-5m), dioecious tropical rainforest tree. It is one of the few of the Rubiaceae family that has edible fruit. It grows in the northwest area of Colombia in the Chocó Department and in the Esmeraldas Province of Ecuador, in areas of high humidity and temperature. Borojó is an Emberá word meaning: boro = head, ne-jo = fruit - head-shaped fruit, or round, globulous fruit.[1] The tree has grey-brown bark and sometimes has two or three smaller trunks as well as one main one. It needs high humidity (over 85%) and temperature (an average of at least 25°C) to thrive, though it can tolerate brief frosts as well as floods.[2] Fruit The fruit is large (about 12 cm length), with a round shape and brown color and average weight of 740-1000 grams. The pulp represents 88% of the total weight. Each fruit has 90 to 640 seeds. Borojo has high levels of protein, ascorbic acid, calcium and iron and very high levels of phosphorus. [1] Borojo is used in the preparation of jam, wine, desserts and traditional medicines with supposed aphrodisiac effects. It is also used by the local communities against hypertension, bronchial diseases and malnutrition. Borojo extract is widely sold on the internet as a health food. A study commissioned at Rutgers University by Nutropical, a private company, found that borojo fruit powder had a high and significant content of polyphenols as measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu polyphenol test. Most notably, the researchers believe the key polyphenol found in borojo may be novel. Work continues to identify the compound and/or elucidate its chemical structure. An analysis conducted by the same company found borojo has an ORAC value of over 54 ?molTE/g (5400 µmolTE/100g). The form of the fruit tested, however, is not mentioned (fresh, freeze-dried, spray-dried, etc.).[3] Cultivation Around 3000 ha is under cultivation by borojo. Related Species Alibertia sorbilis is a very similar species, also used with commercial purposes. Borojó de la Amazonia (Amazonas borojo), Duroia maguirei, is a wild species in a different Rubiaceae genus, which grows up to 8m and has a smaller, edible fruit. Claes Persson (1999) References 1. ^ "Borojoa patinoi (Rubiaceae)". National Tropical Botanical garden. Retrieved 1 March 2013. 2. ^ "BOROJO Seeds". Plant World Seeds. Retrieved 1 March 2013. 3. ^ Nutropical Borojo Science * Cuatrecasas, José 1948: "Borojoa, un nuevo género de Rubiáceas"; Revista de La Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales VII (28): 474-477. Bogotá. * Cuatrecasas, José y Víctor Manuel Patiño 1949: Una nueva fruta tropical americana: el borojó. Secretaría de Agricultura y Ganadería. Servicio de Divulgación. Serie Botánica Aplicada. Año II. N°. 5. Cali. Imprenta Departamental. * Persson, Claes 2000: "Phylogeny of the Neotropical Alibertia group (Rubiaceae), with emphasis on the genus Alibertia, inferred from ITS and 5S ribosomal DNA sequences"; American Journal of Botany 87:1018-1028. * Robbrecht, E., and C. Puff. 1986: "A survey of the Gardenieae and related tribes (Rubiaceae)"; Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 108: 63–137. * Schumann, K. 1891: "Rubiaceae"; Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4(4): 1–154; A. Engler and K. Prantl [eds.], Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany. (source - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibertia_patinoi on 4/2/2013) In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. View of plant and fruit at, www.google.com/search?q=Boroj%C3...80&bih=854 Now to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Jul 9, 2013 12:18:04 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Brandybush Grewia flava The Brandybush is a shrub found in the Kalahari. The tasteful, flesh rich fruits are gathered by the San people from February to August and are eaten in large quantities. They are also mashed, soaked and eaten as a porridge. In the flowering season, the beautiful sweet-scented star-shaped yellow flowers can be found growing on the angles where the leaves grow on the branches. These in turn make way for the berry-like fruit that starts showing from December to April. The berry fruit is reddish brown in colour when ripe and ready to eat, is sweetish in flavour and has a fairly high sugar content. (source - retrieved from www.seedman.com/fruit.htm on 4/3/2013) Tiliaceae Full name: Grewia flava DC. ID status: Fairly certain Afrikaans common name(s): Fluweelrosyntjie(bos), Wilderosyntjie, Brandewynbessie, Rosyntjiebos English common name(s): Velvet raisin, Wild currant, Brandy bush, Raisin tree Synonym(s): Grewia cana Sond. Grewia hermannioides Harv. Status: Native Description: Yellow flowers. Dense multi-stemmed shrub, up to 2 m tall, occasionally a taller small tree. Bark dark grey-brown; young branches velvety, becoming dark purple-black. Leaves alternate, often held upright, elliptic to oblanceolate-obovate, up to 7 x 2.5 cm, 3-veined from the almost symmetric base, grey-green above, paler below, finely hairy on both surfaces or more so below; margin finely to somewhat coarsely toothed. Flowers yellow fading to orange-brown, 1.5 cm in diameter, solitary or in few-flowered axillary heads. Fruit spherical or 2-lobed, c. 8 mm in diameter, reddish-brown when ripe, edible. (from Flora of Zimbabwe website) Compact shrub about 2 m tall; young branchlets greyish or greyish brown, tomen-tellous; older branches dark purplish black. Leaf-blade 14-70 x 7.5-25 mm, elliptic or oblanceolate, rounded at the apex, cuneate and equal-sided at the base, margin finely serrulate to dentate, very finely and closely to-mentellous above, rarely glabrescent, somewhat paler and more densely tomentellous below, venation fairly prominent and reticulate; petiole about 2 mm long, tomentellous; stipules about 5 mm long, subulate, tomentellous. Inflorescences all axillary; peduncles 7.5-10 mm long, tomentellous; pedicels normally 1 per peduncle, up to 10 mm long, tomentellous; basal bracts 3-4 mm long, very caducous, subulate, tomentellous. Buds obovoid, slightly sulcate. Sepals about 8 mm long, rarely up to 14 mm long, linear-lanceolate to linear-oblong, greenish grey tomentellous without, yellow and glabrous within, 3-nerved. Petals yellow, about 2/3 the length of the sepals, linear-oblong to oblanceolate, with a basal nectariferous claw circumvillous within, ledged above and sparsely pilose outside. Androgynophore about 1 mm tall, glabrous except at the apex, not extended above the node. Ovary villous, shallowly 2-lobed or 1-lobed by abortion, when the style is eccentrically placed on the ovary; style about 4 mm long, glabrous, with flattened, broad, stigma-lobes. Fruit about 8 mm in diam., globose or bilobed-globose, sparsely setulose, glabrescent, reddish when ripe. (from JSTOR website / Flora of Southern Africa) Branches and twigs rigid, canescent; leaves on short petioles, exactly elliptical, very obtuse, crenulate, glabrous above, canescent below, 3-nerved at base; peduncles one-flowered; fl.-buds oblong; sepals 3- nerved, longer than the bifid petals, canescent; drupes bilobed, black, hispid and furrowed. A rigid, divaricately much branched, canescent shrub, with small, exactly oval leaves and yellow flowers. The berries are eaten by the country-folk. Leaves 0.5 inch long, 0.25 inch wide. (from JSTOR website / Flora Capensis) Compact shrub c. 2 m. tall; young branchlets greyish or greyish-brown, tomentellous; older branches dark purplish-black. Leaf-lamina 1•4–7 × 0•75 — 2•5 cm., elliptic or oblanceolate, rounded at the apex, margin finely serrulate to dentate, cuneate and equal-sided at the base, very finely and closely tomentellous above, somewhat paler and more densely tomentellous below, venation fairly prominent and reticulate; petiole c. 2 mm. long, tomentellous; stipules c. 5 mm. long, subulate, tomentellous. Inflorescences all axillary; peduncles 7•5–10 mm. long, tomentellous; pedicels normally 1 per peduncle, up to 1 cm. long, tomentellous; basal bracts 3–4 mm. long, very caducous, subulate, tomentellous. Flower-buds obovoid, slightly sulcate. Sepals c. 8 mm. long, linear-lanceolate to linear-oblong, greenish-grey-tomentellous without, yellow and glabrous within, 3-nerved. Petals yellow, c. 2/3 the length of the sepals, linear-oblong to oblanceolate, with a basal nectariferous claw circumvillous within ledged above and sparsely pilose outside. Androgynophore c. 1 mm. tall, glabrous except at the apex, not extended above the node. Ovary villous, shallowly 2-lobed or 1-lobed by abortion when the style is eccentrically placed on the ovary; style c. 4 mm. long, glabrous, with flattened, broad, stigma-lobes. Fruit reddish when ripe, c. 8 mm. in diam., globose or 2-lobed, sparsely setulose, glabrescent. (from JSTOR website / Flora Zambesiaca) Link(s) African Plant Database JSTOR Plant Science Kew Herbarium Catalogue BGBM Berlin-Dahlem - Virtual Herbarium Züricher Herbarien iSpot: 159898 Flora of Zimbabwe Fleurs de notre Terre - Galerie Namibie Tree Atlas of Namibia (source - retrieved from www.kyffhauser.co.za/Plants1/Grewia_flava/Index.htm on 4/3/2013) In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. View plant and fruit at, www.google.com/search?q=Brandy+Bush+Grewia+flava&hl=en&client=firefox&hs=ZkQ&rls=com.yahoo:en-US:official&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=cEZcUeOIKeHo0QG5r4DgCQ&ved=0CD8QsAQ&biw=1280&bih=854 Now to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Jul 12, 2013 6:13:04 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Brazilian Guava, Psidium guineense Sw. Psidium molle Bertol Psidium schiedeanum Berg. Psidium aracá Raddi This guava relative has been the subject of much confusion, beginning with its scientific name, Psidium guineense Sw., based on the botanist Swartz' belief that it originated on the Guinea Coast of Africa. For a long time it was considered distinct from the guisaro, P. molle Bertol (syn. P. schiedeanum Berg.), but now these names as well as P. aracá Raddi, are treated as synonyms of P. guineense, and all the corresponding colloquial names should be applied to this one confirmed species. In Brazil the popular names are aracá, aracá do campo, or aracahy; in the Guianas it is called wild guava or wilde guave. Among other regional names are: guabillo, huayava, guayaba brava and sacha guayaba (Peru); allpa guayaba (Ecuador); guayaba de sabana, guayaba sabanera and guayaba agria (Venezuela); guayaba, or guayaba acida, guayaba hedionda, chamach, chamacch, pataj and pichippul (Guatemala); guisaro, or cas extranjero (Costa Rica); guayabita, guayaba arraijan, and guayabita de sabana (Panama); guayabillo (El Salvador). The name, guayaba agria, seems to be the only one employed in Mexico. In California it is called either Brazilian or Castilian guava. Description The Brazilian guava is a relatively slow-growing shrub 3 to 10 ft (1-3 m) tall; sometimes a tree to 23 ft (7 m); with grayish bark, hairy young shoots and cylindrical or slightly flattened branchlets. The evergreen, grayish leaves, 1 1/3 to 5 1/2 in (3.5-14 cm) long and 1 to 3 1/8 (2.5-8 cm wide), are stiff, oblong, elliptic, ovate or obovate, sometimes finely toothed; scantily hairy on the upperside but coated beneath with pale or rusty hairs and distinctly dotted with glands. Flowers, borne singly or in clusters of 3 in the leaf axils, are white and have 150 to 200 prominent stamens. The fruit, round or pear-shaped, is from 1/8 to 1 in (1-2.5 cm) wide, with yellow skin, thick, pale-yellowish flesh surrounding the white central pulp, and of acid, resinous, slightly strawberry-like flavor. It contains numerous small, hard seeds and is quite firm even when fully ripe. Distribution The most wide-ranging guava relative, P. guineense occurs naturally from northern Argentina and Peru to southern Mexico, and in Trinidad, Martinique, Jamaica and Cuba, at medium elevations. It is cultivated to a limited extent in Martinique, Guadeloupe, the Dominican Republic and southern California. Trials in Florida have not been encouraging. At Agartala in Tripura, northeast India, this plant has become thoroughly naturalized and runs wild. Cultivars While no named cultivars have been reported, this species has been crossed with the common guava and the hybrids are dwarf, hardy and bear heavy crops. Soil The plant will not develop satisfactorily on light sandy soil. Food Uses This guava is suitable for baking and preserving. It makes a distinctive jelly which some consider superior to common guava jelly. Other Uses The wood is strong and used for tool handles, beams, planks and agricultural instruments. The bark, rich in tannin, is used for curing hides. Medicinal Uses: In the interior of Brazil, a decoction of the bark or of the roots is employed to treat urinary diseases, diarrhea and dysentery. In Costa Rica, it is said to reduce varicose veins and ulcers on the legs. A leaf decoction is taken to relieve colds and bronchitis. Related Species The Pará guava has been known as Britoa acida Berg. Calvacante now shows this binomial as a synonym of Psidium acutangulum DC. and gives the Brazilian vernacular name as aracá-pera. Cruz (1965) calls it araca piranga, aracandiva, aracanduba and goiabarana. Le Cointe shows it as araca comum do Pará and he describes P. aracá Raddi as a separate species. In Bolivia, P. acutangulum is known as guabira; in Peru, as ampi yacu, puca yacu, guayava del agua. The shrub or tree ranges in height from 26 to 40 ft (8-12 m). Its branchlets are quadrangular and winged near the leaf base. New growth is finely hairy. The leaves, with very short petioles, are elliptical, 4 to 5 1/2 in (10-14 cm) long, 1 1/2 to 2 3/8 in (4-6 cm) wide, rounded at the base, pointed at the apex. The long-stalked, white, 5-petalled flowers, with more than 300 stamens, are borne singly or in 2's or 3's in the leaf axils. The fruit is round, pear-shaped or ellipsoid, 1 1/4 to 3 3/16 in (3-8 cm) wide, pale-yellow, with yellowish-white, very acid but well-flavored pulp containing a few hard, triangular seeds. The crop ripens in the spring. The tree occurs wild and cultivated at low and medium elevations throughout Amazonia and from Peru to Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela and the Guianas. Some specimens have been grown in southern Florida in the past under the name P. aracá. The fruit is eaten mixed with honey or made into acid drinks or preserves. Of recent interest as a possible new crop is Eugenia stipitata McVaugh, treated by Calvacante as a variable species, but separated by McVaugh (Flora of Peru, Vol. XIII, Pt. 4, No. 2, 1958) into 2 subspecies, as follows: E. stipitata subsp. stipitata McVaugh, called pichi in Peru, araca-boi in Brazil, is a tree to 40 or 50 ft (12-15 m) tall, with short-petioled, opposite, broad-elliptic leaves, pointed at the apex, 3 to 7 in (7.5-18 cm) long and 1 1/3 to 3 1/4 in (3.4-8.25 cm) wide, with indented veins on the upper surface, densely hairy on the underside, faintly dotted with oil glands on both sides. The flowers, in compound, axillary racemes, are white, hairy, 3/4 in (2 cm) wide, with numerous prominent stamens. According to horticulturists and Calvacante, the fruit is somewhat like a small guava; very aromatic, round to oblate, less than 2 oz (56 g) in the wild, up to 4 3/4 in (12 cm) wide under cultivation and weighing as much as 14 1/2 oz (420 g) or even 28 oz (800 g). The skin is thin and delicate; the pulp soft, juicy, very acid, containing 8 to 10 irregular-oblong or kidney-shaped seeds to 1 in (2.5 cm) long and 5/8 in (1.5 cm) wide. Ascorbic acid content has been reported as 38 to 40 mg per 100 g of edible portion. The fruiting season is February to May around Belem, Brazil. There may be 4 crops a year in Peru and Ecuador. The tree is native and abundant in the wild in Amazonian regions of Peru, Ecuador and Brazil. The fruit is eaten by the Indians and the tree is being cultivated experimentally in Peru and Ecuador and a collection of 360 seedlings has been established at Manaus. Seeds germinate in 4-12 months. Seedlings grow slowly at first, are transplanted in about 6 months. They begin to fruit 18 months later. Yields of 12.7 tons per acre (28 T/ha) have been obtained in Peru. The tree is subject to leafspot and the fruit is prone to attack by fruit flies. The fruit loses flavor when cooked; is quick-boiled for jam. A Peruvian grower is exporting the frozen pulp to Europe. Subspecies sororia, called rupina caspi in Peru, is a shrub or small tree to 10 ft (3 m) high with elliptic leaves 3 1/2 to 5 in (9-12.5 cm) long, 1 to 1 3/4 in (2.5-4.5 cm) wide with barely visible veins; minutely hairy beneath or hairless when fully mature; and having a few dark dots. The flowers are 1/2 in (1.25 cm) wide with 75 stamens. The fruit is oblate, 5/8 in (1.6 cm) wide, velvety, acid, with numerous kidney-shaped seeds, 1/8 to a little over 1/4 in (3-7 mm) long. McVaugh shows as native to Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and Colombia. (source - retrieved from www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/brazilian_guava_ars.html on 3/30/2013) In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. View fruit and plant at, www.bing.com/images/search?q=Psidium+guineense+Brazilian+Guava&qpvt=Psidium+guineense+Brazilian+Guava&FORM=IGRENow to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Jul 14, 2013 18:32:09 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a species of flowering tree in the mulberry family, Moraceae, growing throughout Southeast Asia and most Pacific Ocean islands. Its name is derived from the texture of the cooked fruit, which has a potato-like flavor, similar to fresh-baked bread. Ancestors of the Polynesians found the trees growing in the northwest New Guinea area around 3,500 years ago. They gave up the rice cultivation they had brought with them from Taiwan, and raised breadfruit wherever they went in the Pacific (except Easter Island and New Zealand, which were too cold). Their ancient eastern Indonesian cousins spread the plant west and north through insular and coastal Southeast Asia. It has, in historical times, also been widely planted in tropical regions elsewhere. [source - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadfruit on 1/02/2013] In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. Breadfruit trees grow to a height of 85 feet (26 m). The large and thick leaves are deeply cut into pinnate lobes. All parts of the tree yield latex, a milky juice, which is useful for boat caulking. The trees are monoecious, with male and female flowers growing on the same tree. The male flowers emerge first, followed shortly afterward by the female flowers, which grow into capitula, which are capable of pollination just three days later. The pollinators are Old World fruit bats in the family Pteropodidae. The compound, false fruit develops from the swollen perianth, and originates from 1,500-2,000 flowers. These are visible on the skin of the fruit as hexagon-like disks. Breadfruit is one of the highest-yielding food plants, with a single tree producing up to 200 or more fruits per season. In the South Pacific, the trees yield 50 to 150 fruits per year. In southern India, normal production is 150 to 200 fruits annually. Productivity varies between wet and dry areas. In the Caribbean, a conservative estimate is 25 fruits per tree. Studies in Barbados indicate a reasonable potential of 6.7 to 13.4 tons per acre (16-32 tons/ha). The grapefruit-sized, ovoid fruit has a rough surface, and each fruit is divided into many achenes, each achene surrounded by a fleshy perianth and growing on a fleshy receptacle. Some selectively bred cultivars have seedless Breadfruit is a staple food in many tropical regions. The trees were propagated far outside their native range by Polynesian voyagers who transported root cuttings and air-layered plants over long ocean distances. Breadfruit are very rich in starch, and before being eaten, they are roasted, baked, fried or boiled. When cooked, the taste of moderately ripe breadfruit is described as potato-like, or similar to fresh-baked bread. Very ripe breadfruit becomes sweet, as the starch converts to sugar. The fruit of the breadfruit tree - whole, sliced lengthwise and in cross-section Because breadfruit trees usually produce large crops at certain times of the year, preservation of the harvested fruit is an issue. One traditional preservation technique is to bury peeled and washed fruits in a leaf-lined pit where they ferment over several weeks and produce a sour, sticky paste. So stored, the product may last a year or more, and some pits are reported to have produced edible contents more than 20 years later. Fermented breadfruit mash goes by many names such as mahr, ma, masi, furo, and bwiru, among others. Most breadfruit varieties also produce a small number of fruits throughout the year, so fresh breadfruit is always available, but somewhat rare when not in season. Breadfruit can be eaten once cooked, or can be further processed into a variety of other foods. A common product is a mixture of cooked or fermented breadfruit mash mixed with coconut milk and baked in banana leaves. Whole fruits can be cooked in an open fire, then cored and filled with other foods, such as coconut milk, sugar and butter, cooked meats, or other fruits. The filled fruit can be further cooked so the flavor of the filling permeates the flesh of the breadfruit. The Hawaiian staple food called poi, made of mashed taro root, is easily substituted or augmented with mashed breadfruit. The resulting "breadfruit poi" is called poi ?ulu. In Puerto Rico, it is called panapen or pana, for short. Pana is often served boiled with a mixture of sauteed bacalao (salted cod fish), olive oil and onions. It is also served as tostones or mofongo. In the Dominican Republic, it is known by the name buen pan or "good bread". Breadfruit is also found in Indonesia and Malaysia, where it is called sukun. In the South Indian state of Kerala and coastal Karnataka, especially on the sides of Mangalore, where it is widely grown and cooked, it is known as kada chakka or seema chakka and deegujje, respectively. In Belize, the Mayan people call it masapan. Breadfruit is roughly 25% carbohydrates and 70% water. It has an average amount of vitamin C (20 mg/100 g), small amounts of minerals (potassium and zinc) and thiamin (100 ?g/100 g). Breadfruit was widely and diversely used among Pacific Islanders. Its lightweight wood (specific gravity of 0.27) is resistant to termites and shipworms, so is used as timber for structures and outrigger canoes. Its wood pulp can also be used to make paper, called breadfruit tapa. It is also used in traditional medicine to treat illnesses that range from sore eyes to sciatica. Native Hawaiians used its sticky latex to trap birds, whose feathers were made into cloaks. [source - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadfruit on 1/02/2013] Benefits of breadfruit: 1) Bread fruit provides high energy to those who eat it through its carbohydrate, mainly needed by the body for warmth and maintenance during daily activities. 2) The fiber present in breadfruit helps to make the intestines and bowels work properly by clearing out the junk from the intestines. 3) The dried fruit has been made into flour which is much richer than wheat flour and other essential amino acids. Medical: Breadfruit protects the body from heart diseases and heart attacks, Other than this the fiber present in breadfruit help those with diabetes to control the disease to some extent by reducing the absorption of glucose from the in taken food . Consuming breadfruit on a regular basis can reduce the risk of developing colon cancer. Breadfruit leaf is believed to lower blood pressure and is also believed to reduce asthma. Toasted flowers of the breadfruit tree are also rubbed on the gums as a cure for tooth ache. Also, The reason why breadfruit is considered as cholestrol controller is because it is a rich source of fiber. The kind of fiber in breadfruit actually lowers the LDL levels (the “bad” cholesterol) while raising the levels of the HDL (the “good” cholesterol) which protect the arteries. [adapted from, www.fruitsinfo.com/breadfruit-tropical-fruit.php on 1/02/2013] Varieties An unpublished report of 1921 covered 200 cultivars of breadfruit in the Marquesas. The South Pacific Commission published the results of a breadfruit survey in 1966. In it, there were described 166 named sorts from Tonga, Niue, Western and American Samoa, Papua and New Guinea, New Hebrides and Rotuma. There are 70 named varieties of seeded and seedless breadfruits in Fiji. They are locally separated into 8 classes by leaf form. The following, briefly presented, are those that are recorded as "very good". It will be noted that some varietal names are reported under more than one class. Class I: Leaf entire, or with one or two, occasionally, three lobes. 'Koqo'— round; 4 in (10 cm) wide; seedless; does not deteriorate quickly. 'Tamaikora'—gourd shaped (constricted around middle); to 4 1/2 in (11.5 cm) long, 3 in (7.5 cm) wide; with many seeds. Can be eaten raw when ripe. Highly perishable. Tree to 40 or 45 ft (12-13.5 m). Class II: Leaf dissected at apex. 'Temaipo'—round; 3 1/2 in (9 cm) long; seedless. Can be eaten raw when ripe. There is also an oblong form with many seeds. Class III: Leaf moderately deeply dissected at apex. 'Uto Kuro'—round; 5 in (12.5 cm) long; does not deteriorate quickly. Class IV: Leaf moderately deeply dissected on upper half. 'Samoa'—('Kasa Balavu') round; 4 to 6 in (10-15 cm) long; seeds sparse to many. 'Uto Yalewa'—oblong; to 8 in (20 cm) long and 6 in (15 cm) wide; seedless. 'Kulu Dina'—oblong; to 16 in (40 cm) long and 13 in (33 cm) wide; seedless. Need not be peeled after cooking. Tree bears all year. 'Sogasoga'—oblong; to 9 in (23 cm) long and 6 1/2 in (16.5 cm) wide; seedless. 'Uto Dina'—oblong; to 6 in (15 cm) long and 3 to 3 1/2 in (7.5-9 cm) wide; seedless; need not be peeled after cooking. Tree 60 to 70 ft (18-21 m) high. 'Buco Ni Viti'—oblong; 11 to 14 in (28-35.5 cm) long, 6 to 7 in (15-18 cm) wide; seedless; one of the best cultivars. 'Tamaikora'—oblong; 7 to 9 in (18-23 cm) long, 5 to 6 1/2 in (12.5-16.5 cm) wide; seeds sparse; pulp eaten raw when ripe. Tree to 75 or 85 ft (23-26 m) high; bears 2 crops per year. 'Kulu Mabomabo'—oval; 6 to 8 in (15-20 cm) long, 4 to 5 1/2 in (10-14 cm) wide; seedless. Class V: Leaf moderately deeply dissected; shape of leaf base variable. 'Uto Dina'—round; 4 1/2 to 5 in (11.5-12.5 cm) wide; seed less. Highly recommended. Tree is 25-30 ft (7.5-9 m) tall. 'Balekana Ni Samoa'—round; 4 to 5 in (10-12.5 cm) long; seeds sparse. Best of all Samoan varieties. There is an oval form by the same name; seedless; deteriorates very quickly. 'Balekana Ni Vita'—round; 3 1/2 to 4 in (9-10 cm) long; seedless. Does not deteriorate quickly. 'Balekana Dina'—oval; 6 to 8 in (15-20 cm) long, 3 to 5 in (7.5-12.5 cm) wide; seeds sparse. One of the best, especially when boiled. 'Tabukiraro'—round; 8 in (20 cm) long; seedless; skin sometimes eaten after cooking. 'Sici Ni Samoa'—oval; 5 to 6 in (12.5-15 cm) long, 3 to 3 1/2 in (7.5-9 cm) wide; seedless. One of the highly recommended Samoan varieties. 'Uto Me'—oval; 5 to 6 3/4 in (12.5-17 cm) long, 4 1/2 to 5 in (11.5 cm) wide; with many seeds; does not deteriorate quickly. 'Uto Wa'—oval; 6 to 7 1/2 in (15-19 cm) long, 5 to 5 1/2 in (12.5-14 cm) wide. The variety most recommended. 'Kulu Vawiri'—oval; 9 to 12 in (22-30 cm) long, 8 to 9 in (20-22 cm) wide; especially good when boiled. Class VI: Leaf deeply dissected. 'Kulu Dina'—round; 3 to 4 in (7.5-10 cm) long; seedless. Need not be peeled after boiling. Highly recommended. 'Balekana'—oval; 4 in (10 cm) long, 3 in (7.5 cm) wide; of the best quality. Tree 70 to 80 ft (21-24 m) high. 'Balekana Ni Samoa'—round; 3 in (7.5 cm) long; seeds sparse. Best of all Samoan varieties. 'Balekana Ni Viti'—oblong; 5 to 6 in (12.5-15 cm) long, 3 to 4 in (7.5-10 cm) wide; seedless. The best native-type variety. 'Uto Dina'—('Kasa Leka') round; 4 in (10 cm) long; seedless. 'Uto Matala'—round; 3 to 4 in (7.5-10 cm) long. Especially fine when boiled. Tree bears 3 times a year. Class VII: Leaf deeply dissected; apex pointed. 'Balekana Ni Samoa'—round; 5 to 5 1/2 in (12.5-14 cm) long; seeds sparse. Best of all Samoan varieties. 'Kulu Dina'—('Kasa Balavu') oval; 6 to 7 in (15-18 cm) long, 4 to 5 in (10-12.5 cm) wide; seedless. 'Uto Dina'—(Large) oval; 8 to 9 in (20-22 cm) long, 4 to 7 in (10-18 cm) wide; seedless. Also, by the same name, a form with only moderately dissected leaves. 'Bokasi'—round; 4 in (10 cm) long, 3 in (7.5 cm) wide. Class VIII: Leaf deeply dissected, wide spaces between lobes. 'Savisavi Ni Samoa'—oval; 4 to 5 in (10-12.5 cm) long, 3 to 3 1/2 in (7.5-9 cm) wide. Ranks with best Samoan varieties. 'Savisavi Ni Viti'—oblong; 6 to 8 in(16-20 cm) long, 4 to 6 in (10-15 cm) wide; seedless; especially good when boiled. 'Savisavi'—round; 3 to 3 1/2 in (7.5-9 cm) wide; especially good when boiled. 'Balawa Ni Viti'—oval; 6 to 7 in (15-18 cm) long, 3 1/2 to 4 in (9-10 cm) wide; seedless. 'Uto Kasekasei'—round; 4 to 5 in (10-12.5 cm) long; seeds sparse. 'Via Loa'—oblong; 6 to 7 in (15-18 cm) long, 4 to 5 in (10-12.5 cm) wide; seedless; does not deteriorate quickly. Koroieveibau provides a key to the 8 classes illustrated by leaf and fruit outline sketches. P.J. Wester, in 1928, published descriptions of 52 breadfruit cultivars of the Pacific Islands. In the book, The Breadfruit of Tahiti; by G.P. Wilder, there are detailed descriptions and close-up, black-and-white photographic illustrations of the foliage and fruit of 30 named varieties, and of the foliage only of one which did not have mature fruit at the time of writing. One 'Aata', an oblong fruit, is described as of poor quality and eaten by humans only when better breadfruits are scarce, but it is important as feed for pigs and horses. The tree bears heavily. Among the best are: 'Aravei'—fruit ellipsoidal; large, 8 to 12 in (10-30 cm) long, 6 to 9 in (15-22 cm) wide; rind yellowish-green with brown spots on the sunny side; rough, with sharp points which are shed on maturity. Pulp is light-yellow, dry or flaky and of delicious flavor after cooking which takes very little time. Core long, slim, with many abortive seeds. 'Havana'—fruit oval-round; the rind yellowish-green, spiny; pulp golden-yellow, moist, pasty, separates into loose flakes when cooked; very sweet with excellent flavor; core oval, large, with a row of abortive seeds. Very perishable; must be used within 2 days; cooks quickly over fire. Fruit borne in 2's and 3's. Popularly claimed to be one of the best breadfruits. 'Maohi'—fruit round; 6 in (15 cm) wide; rind bright yellow-green with patches of red-brown; rough, with spines, and often bears much exuded latex. Pulp cream-colored and smooth when cooked; of very good flavor; slow cooking, needs even heat. Core is large. Fruit is borne in 2's and 3's. Tree a heavy bearer. This is the most common breadfruit of Tahiti. 'Paea'—ellipsoidal; very large, to 11 in (28 cm) long and 9 in (22.8 cm) wide; rind yellowish-green, spiny; core oblong, thick, with a row of brown, abortive seeds; pulp bright-yellow, moist, slightly pasty, separating into flakes when cooked; agreeable but only one of its forms, 'Paea Maaroaro', is really sweet. Formerly, 'Paea' was reserved for chiefs only. Needs one hour to roast on open fire. The tree is tall, especially well formed and elegant. 'Pei'—broad-ellipsoidal; large; rind light-green, relatively smooth; pulp light-yellow and flaky when cooked, aromatic, of sweet, delicious "fruity" flavor; cooks quickly. Ripens earlier than others. When the breadfruit crop is scant, the fruits of this cultivar are stored by burying in the ground until needed, even for a year, then taken up, wrapped in Cordyline leaves and boiled. 'Pucro'—fruit spherical or elongated; large; rind yellow-green with small brown spots, very rough, spiny, thin; pulp light-yellow and smooth, of excellent flavor. Cooks quickly. Highly esteemed, ranked with the very best breadfruits. There are two oblong forms, one with a large, hairy core. 'Rare'—fruit broad-ovoid; to 7 in (17.5 cm) long, rind bright-green, rough, spiny; pulp of deep-cream tone, fine-grained, smooth, flaky when cooked; of very sweet, excellent flavor. Core is small with a great many small abortive seeds. Must be cooked for about one hour. There are 3 forms that are well recognized. Fruits are borne singly on a tall, open, short branched tree. 'Rare Aumee'—fruit round; 6 1/2 in (16.5 cm) across; rind bright-green with red-brown splotches, fairly smooth at the base but rough at the apex; pulp deep-ivory, firm, smooth when cooked; not very sweet but of excellent flavor. Cooks quickly. Highly prized; in scarce supply because the tall, few branched tree bears scantily. 'Rare Autia'—fruit round; 6 in (15 cm) across; rind dull-green with red-brown markings. Pulp light-yellow when cooked and separates into chunks; has excellent flavor. Core is large with small abortive seeds all around. This cultivar is so superior it was restricted to royalty and high chiefs in olden times. 'Tatara'—fruit broad-ellipsoid; verylarge, up to 10 lbs(4.5 kg) in weight; rind has prominent faces with long green spines; pulp light-yellow, smooth when cooked and of pleasant flavor. Core is oblong. This variety is greatly esteemed. The tree is found only in a small coastal valley where there is heavy rainfall. It is of large dimensions and high-branching and it is difficult to harvest the fruits. 'Vai Paere'—fruit is obovoid; 10 to 12 in (25-30 cm) long, 7 to 8 in (17.5-20 cm) wide; rind is yellow-green with red-brown splotches and there is a short raised point at the center of each face; pulp light-yellow, firm, smooth, a little dryish when cooked, with a slightly acid, but excellent flavor. Core is oblong, large, with a few abortive seeds attached. Fruit cooks easily. Tree is very tall, bears fruit in clusters. Grows at sea level in fairly dry locations. There are at least 50 cultivars on Ponape and about the same number on Truk. In Samoa, a variety known as 'Maopo', with leaves that are almost entire or sometimes very shallowly lobed, is very common and considered one of the best. 'Puou' is another choice and much planted variety since early times. It has deeply cut leaves and nearly round fruits 6 in (15 cm) long. 'Ulu Ea', with leaves even more deeply lobed, has oblong fruits to 6 1/8 in (15.5 cm) long and 5 in (12.5 cm) wide; is a longtime favorite. In the past three decades there has been an awakening to the possibilities of increasing the food supply of tropical countries by more plantings of selected varieties of seedless breadfruit. In 1958, many appealing varieties (some early, some late in season) were collected around the South Pacific region and transferred to Western Samoa, Tahiti and Fiji for comparative trials. Two years later, plans were made to introduce Polynesian varieties into Micronesia, and propagating material of 36 Micronesian types was distributed to other areas. [source - retrieved from www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/breadfruit.html on 1/02/2013] To see many pictures of breadfruit, go to www.bijlmakers.com/fruits/breadfruit.htmHow this tree and other plants absorb water from the ground. Plants have developed an effective system to absorb, translocate, store, and utilize water. Plants contain a vast network of conduits, which consists of xylem and phloem tissues. These conducting tissues start in the roots and continue up through the trunks of trees, into the branches and then into every leaf. Phloem tissue is made of living elongated cells that are connected to one another and responsible for translocating nutrients and sugars (carbohydrates), which are produced by leaves for energy and growth. The xylem is also composed of elongated cells but once the cells are formed, they die. The walls of the xylem cells still remain intact and serve as an excellent peipline to transport water from the roots to the leaves. The main driving force of water uptake and transport into a plant is transpiration of water from leaves through specialized openings called stomata. Heat from the sun causes the water to evaporate, setting this ‘water chain’ in motion. The evaporation creates a negative water vapor pressure. Water is pulled into the leaf to replace the water that has transpired from the leaf. This pulling of water, or tension, occurs in the xylem of the leaf. Since the xylem is a continuous water column that extends from the leaf to the roots, this negative water pressure extends into the roots and results in water uptake from the soil. [adapted from: www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=follow-up-how-do-trees-ca ] Clearly this clever water transport system shows a superior intelligence of the Creator (YHWH). Now to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Jul 17, 2013 7:45:46 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Brosimum alicastrum, the breadnut or Maya nut, is a Brosimum tree species under the Moraceae family of flowering plants, whose other genera include fig and mulberries The plant is known by a range of names in indigenous Mesoamerican and other languages, including but not limited to: ramon,ojoche, ojite, ojushte, ujushte, ujuxte, capomo, mojo, ox, iximche, masica in Honduras, uje in Michoacan, and mojote in Jalisco. Two subspecies are commonly recognized: * Brosimum alicastrum ssp. alicastrum * Brosimum alicastrum ssp. bolivarense (Pittier) C.C.Berg Distribution and habitat: The west coast of central Mexico, southern Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, the Caribbean, and the Amazon. Large stands in moist lowland tropical forests 300–2000 m elevation (especially 125–800 m), in humid areas where rainfall of 600–2000 mm, and average temperature 24 C / 75 F.[1] The breadnut fruit disperses on the ground at different times throughout its range. It has a large seed covered by a thin, citrus-flavored orange-colored skin favored by a number of forest creatures. More important, the large seed which is enveloped by the tasty skin is an edible ‘nut’ that can be boiled or dried and ground into a meal for porridge or flatbread. Breadnut is nutritious and has value as a food source, and formed a part of the diet of the pre-Columbian Maya of the lowlands region in Mesoamerica,[2][3] although to what extent has been a matter of some debate among Maya historians and archaeologists. It was planted by the Maya civilization two thousand years ago and it has been claimed in several articles by Dennis E. Puleston to have been a staple food in the Maya diet,[4] although other research has downplayed its significance. In the modern era it has been marginalized as a source of nutrition and has often been characterized as a famine food. The breadnut is extremely high in fiber, calcium, potassium, folic acid, iron, zinc, protein and B vitamins.[5] It has a low glycemic index (<50) and is very high in antioxidants. The fresh seeds can be cooked and eaten or can be set out to dry in the sun to roast and eaten later. Stewed the nut tastes like mashed potato, roasted it tastes like chocolate or coffee and can be prepared in numerous other dishes. In Petén, Guatemala, the breadnut is being cultivated for exportation and local consumption as powder, for hot beverages, and bread. The tree can reach up to 45 meters (130 feet). The tree lends its name to the Maya archaeological sites of Iximché and Topoxte, both in Guatemala and also of Tamuin (reflecting the Maya origin of the Huastec peoples). It is one of the twenty dominant species of the Maya forest.[6] Of the dominant species, it is the only one that is wind-pollinated. It is also found in traditional Maya forest gardens.[7] References: 1. ^ Melgar in "Utilizacion Integral del Arbol Genero Brosimum" INCAP 1987 2. ^ Flannery, Kent; Puleston, Dennis E. (1982), "The Role of Ramon in Maya Subsistence", Maya Subsistence: Studies in Memory of Dennis E. Puleston, Academic Press, pp. 353-366 3. ^ 1. Harrison, Peter D.; Turner, B. L.; Puleston, Dennis E. (1978), "Terracing, Raised Fields, and Tree Cropping in the Maya Lowlands: A New Perspective on the Geography of Power", Pre-Hispanic Maya Agriculture, University of New Mexico Press, pp. 225-245 4. ^ 1. Harrison, Peter D.; Turner, B. L.; Puleston, Dennis E. (1978), "Terracing, Raised Fields, and Tree Cropping in the Maya Lowlands: A New Perspective on the Geography of Power", Pre-Hispanic Maya Agriculture, University of New Mexico Press, pp. 225-245 5. ^ Flannery, Kent; Puleston, Dennis E. (1982), "The Role of Ramon in Maya Subsistence", Maya Subsistence: Studies in Memory of Dennis E. Puleston, Academic Press, pp. 353-366 6. ^ Campbell, D. G., A. Ford, et al. "The Feral Forests of the Eastern Petén" (2006), Time and Complexity in the Neotropical Lowlands New York, Columbia University Press: 21-55. 7. ^ Ford, A. "Dominant Plants of the Maya Forest and Gardens of El Pilar: Implications for Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions" (2008), Journal of Ethnobiology 28(2): 179-199. [source - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brosimum_alicastrum on 1/02/2013] For pictures of this fruit, go to www.tradewindsfruit.com/breadfruit.htmIn Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. Uses: The fruits reported to be nutritious and are usually consumed when immature. These are thinly sliced and boiled as a vegetable in soups or stews. Breadnut has nutritious seeds that are a good source of protein and low in fat compared to nuts such as almonds, Brazil nuts and macadamia nuts. The seeds are a valued food and are widely collected. Today gathered seeds are sold in village markets, providing an important source of income for women in some areas. Other uses: Breadnut trees provide shade, mulch, soil stabilization, animal fodder and are commonly used in mixed agroforestry systems and home gardens. Breadnut is a natural component of the forests of Papua New Guinea and is an important part of the subsistence economy of lowland areas. [Source - retrieved from www.fruitipedia.com/breadnut.htm on 1/02/2013] How this tree and other plants absorb water from the ground. Plants have developed an effective system to absorb, translocate, store, and utilize water. Plants contain a vast network of conduits, which consists of xylem and phloem tissues. These conducting tissues start in the roots and continue up through the trunks of trees, into the branches and then into every leaf. Phloem tissue is made of living elongated cells that are connected to one another and responsible for translocating nutrients and sugars (carbohydrates), which are produced by leaves for energy and growth. The xylem is also composed of elongated cells but once the cells are formed, they die. The walls of the xylem cells still remain intact and serve as an excellent peipline to transport water from the roots to the leaves. The main driving force of water uptake and transport into a plant is transpiration of water from leaves through specialized openings called stomata. Heat from the sun causes the water to evaporate, setting this ‘water chain’ in motion. The evaporation creates a negative water vapor pressure. Water is pulled into the leaf to replace the water that has transpired from the leaf. This pulling of water, or tension, occurs in the xylem of the leaf. Since the xylem is a continuous water column that extends from the leaf to the roots, this negative water pressure extends into the roots and results in water uptake from the soil. [adapted from: www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=follow-up-how-do-trees-ca ] Clearly this clever water transport system shows a superior intelligence of the Creator (YHWH). Now to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Jul 20, 2013 11:26:43 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Broccoli is a plant in the cabbage family, whose large flower head is used as a vegetable. The word broccoli, from the Italian plural of broccolo, refers to "the flowering top of a cabbage".[3] Broccoli is usually boiled or steamed but may be eaten raw and has become popular as a raw vegetable in hors d'œuvre trays. The leaves may also be eaten.[4] Broccoli is classified in the Italica cultivar group of the species Brassica oleracea. Broccoli has large flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in a tree-like structure on branches sprouting from a thick, edible stalk. The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves. Broccoli most closely resembles cauliflower, which is a different cultivar group of the same species. Broccoli was derived from cultivated leafy cole crops in the Northern Mediterranean in about the 6th century BCE.[5] Since the Roman Empire, broccoli has been considered a uniquely valuable food among Italians.[6] Broccoli was brought to England from Antwerp in the mid-18th century by Peter Scheemakers.[7] Broccoli was first introduced to the United States by Italian immigrants but did not become widely known there until the 1920s.[8] Although this vegetable is NOT rare, I am dealing with detailing it due to its important anti-carcinogenic properties that all need to know about. In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. Broccoli is high in vitamin C, as well as dietary fiber; it also contains multiple nutrients with potent anti-cancer properties, such as diindolylmethane and small amounts of selenium.[9] A single serving provides more than 30 mg of vitamin C and a half-cup provides 52 mg of vitamin C.[10] The 3,3'-Diindolylmethane found in broccoli is a potent modulator of the innate immune response system with anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activity.[11][12] Broccoli also contains the compound glucoraphanin, which can be processed into an anti-cancer compound sulforaphane, though the benefits of broccoli are greatly reduced if the vegetable is boiled.[13] Broccoli is also an excellent source of indole-3-carbinol, a chemical which boosts DNA repair in cells and appears to block the growth of cancer cells.[14][15] Boiling broccoli reduces the levels of suspected anti-carcinogenic compounds, such as sulforaphane, with losses of 20–30% after five minutes, 40–50% after ten minutes, and 77% after thirty minutes.[13] However, other preparation methods such as steaming,[16] microwaving, and stir frying had no significant effect on the compounds.[13] Broccoli has the highest levels of carotenoids in the brassica family.[17] It is particularly rich in lutein and also provides a modest amount of beta-carotene.[17] A high intake of broccoli has been found to reduce the risk of aggressive prostate cancer.[18] Broccoli consumption may also help prevent heart disease.[19] Broccoli sprouts are often suggested for their health benefits.[citation needed] Varieties There are three commonly grown types of broccoli. The most familiar is Calabrese broccoli, often referred to simply as "broccoli", named after Calabria in Italy. It has large (10 to 20 cm) green heads and thick stalks. It is a cool season annual crop. Sprouting broccoli has a larger number of heads with many thin stalks. Purple cauliflower is a type of broccoli sold in southern Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. It has a head shaped like cauliflower, but consisting of tiny flower buds. It sometimes, but not always, has a purple cast to the tips of the flower buds. Other cultivar groups of Brassica oleracea include cabbage (Capitata Group), cauliflower and Romanesco broccoli (Botrytis Group), kale and collard greens (Acephala Group), kohlrabi (Gongylodes Group), and Brussels sprouts (Gemmifera Group). Chinese broccoli (Alboglabra Group) is also a cultivar group of Brassica oleracea.[20] Rapini, sometimes called "broccoli rabe" among other names, forms similar but smaller heads, and is actually a type of turnip (Brassica rapa). Broccolini or "Tender Stem Broccoli" is a cross between broccoli and Chinese broccoli. Cultivation Broccoli is a cool-weather crop that does poorly in hot summer weather. Broccoli grows best when exposed to an average daily temperature between 18 and 23 °C (64 and 73 °F).[21] When the cluster of flowers, also referred to as a "head" of broccoli, appear in the center of the plant, the cluster is green. Garden pruners or shears are used to cut the head about an inch from the tip. Broccoli should be harvested before the flowers on the head bloom bright yellow.[22] References 1. ^ Buck, P. A (1956). "Origin and taxonomy of broccoli". Economic Botany 10 (3): 250–253. Retrieved 2012-04-24. 2. ^ Stephens, James. "Broccoli—Brassica oleracea L. (Italica group)". University of Florida. p. 1. Retrieved 2009-05-14. 3. ^ "broccoli". Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.). p. 156. ISBN 978-0-87779-809-5. Retrieved 24 August 2009. 4. ^ "Broccoli Leaves Are Edible". Retrieved 12 October 2012. 5. ^ Maggioni, Lorenzo; von Bothmer., R., Poulesen, G., Branca, F. (2010). "Origin and Domestication of Cole Crops (Brassica oleracea L.): Linguistic and Literary Considerations". Economic Botany 64 (2): 109–123. 6. ^ Nonnecke, Ib (November 1989). Vegetable Production. Springer-Verlag New York, LLC. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-442-26721-6. 7. ^ Smith,J.T. Nollekins and His Times, 1829 vol. 2:101: "Scheemakers, on his way to England, visited his birth-place, bringing with him several roots [sic] of brocoli, a dish till then little known in perfection at our tables." 8. ^ Denker, Joel (2003). The world on a plate. U of Nebraska Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8032-6014-6. Retrieved 24 April 2012. 9. ^ "WHFoods: Broccoli". George Mateljan Foundation. Retrieved 2009-05-11. 10. ^ Understanding Nutrition, Eleanor N. Whitney and Eva M. N. Hamilton, Table H, supplement, page 373 Table 1, ISBN 0-8299-0419-0 11. ^ "Diindolylmethane Information Resource Center at the University of California, Berkeley". Retrieved 2007-06-10. 12. ^ "Diindolylmethane Immune Activation Data Center". Retrieved 2007-06-10. 13. ^ a b c Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick (15 May 2007). "Research Says Boiling Broccoli Ruins Its Anti Cancer Properties.". 14. ^ "Broccoli chemical's cancer check". BBC News. 7 February 2006. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 15. ^ "How Dietary Supplement May Block Cancer Cells". Science Daily. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 16. ^ "Maximizing The Anti-Cancer Power of Broccoli". Science Daily. 5 April 2005. 17. ^ a b "Breeding Better Broccoli: Research Points To Pumped Up Lutein Levels In Broccoli". Science Daily. 8 November 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 18. ^ Kirsh, VA; Peters U, Mayne ST, Subar AF, Chatterjee N, Johnson CC, Hayes RB (2007). "Prospective study of fruit and vegetable intake and risk of prostate cancer". Journal of the National Cancer Institute 99 (15): 1200–9. doi:10.1093/jnci/djm065. PMID 17652276. 19. ^ Clout, Laura (5 September 2009). "Broccoli beats heart disease". Daily Express. Retrieved 5 September 2009. 20. ^ Dixon, G.R. (2007). Vegetable brassicas and related crucifers. Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 978-0-85199-395-9. 21. ^ Smith, Powell (June 1999). "HGIC 1301 Broccoli". Clemson University. Retrieved 25 August 2009. 22. ^ Liptay, Albert (source - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broccoli on 3/7/2013) Note: Per reference #4, the leaves of Broccoli are edible as one would suspect since it is a member of the cabbage family of plants. This is important since the leaves can be used in place of cabbage in soups and other dishes. Now to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Jul 23, 2013 14:19:01 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Buddha Fruit, Monk's Fruit, Luohan Guo Momordica grosvenorii A climbing plant in the pumpkin family, native to southern China and Indochina, where it is widely cultivated for its fruit that is used in traditional Chinese medicine and to sweeten drinks. More recently it has been made popular as a "superfood" in the west for its antioxidants, as an immune booster, for a glucose-lowering effect and its anti viral properties as well as its potential as a natural zero-calorie sweetener. Rare in these parts, and one of the most desired cucurbits among collectors. Like ginseng, this is one of the chinese herbs that tonifies the yin. Household remedy for treating upper respiratory infection and gastric upset. The medicine consists of the dried fruits. The entire plant is gently pubescent, and the fruits are densely covered in down, ovoid or rounded and extremely sweet. The leaves are somewhat heart shaped and entire, and the yellow flowers are somewhat atypical in shape for a cucurbit. It is easy to grow in most warm temperate and tropical climates, and is said to handle light frosts. (source - retrieved from www.seedman.com/fruit.htm on 4/4/2013) Siraitia grosvenorii is an herbaceous perennial vine of the Cucurbitaceae (gourd) family, native to southern China and northern Thailand. The plant is cultivated for its fruit, whose extract is nearly 300 times sweeter than sugar and has been used in China as a natural low-calorie sweetener for cooling drinks, and in traditional Chinese medicine to treat diabetes and obesity.[2][3] The plant's fruit is often called in English language publications luo han guo[4] or luo han kuo (from the Chinese luóhàn gu?, / ). It may also be called la han qua (from Vietnamese la hán qu?), arhat fruit, Buddha fruit, monk fruit, or longevity fruit (although this name has been used for several other fruits).[2] The scientific species name honors Gilbert Grosvenor who as president of the National Geographic Society helped to fund an expedition to find the living plant where it was being cultivated.[5] Contents * 1 Description * 2 Cultivation * 3 Traditional uses o 3.1 Toxicity * 4 Active agents * 5 Cultivation and marketing o 5.1 Traditional processing o 5.2 The Procter & Gamble process * 6 History o 6.1 Western rediscovery in the 20th century * 7 References * 8 External linksDescription The vine attains a length of 3 to 5 m, climbing over other plants by means of tendrils which twine round anything they touch. The narrow, heart-shaped leaves are 10–20 cm long. The fruit is round, 5–7 cm in diameter, smooth, yellow-brownish or green-brownish in colour, containing striations from the fruit stem end of the furrows with a hard but thin skin covered by fine hairs. The inside of the fruit contains an edible pulp, which, when dried, forms a thin, light brown, brittle shell about 1 mm in thickness. The seeds are elongated and almost spherical. The fruit is sometimes mistaken for the unrelated purple mangosteen. The interior fruit is eaten fresh, and the bitter rind is used to make tea. The monk fruit is notable for its sweetness, which can be concentrated from its juice. The fruit contains 25 to 38% of various carbohydrates, mainly fructose and glucose. The sweetness of the fruit is increased by the mogrosides, a group of triterpene glycosides (saponins). The five different mogrosides are numbered from I to V; the main component is mogroside V, which is also known as esgoside.[3] The fruit also contains vitamin C. Cultivation Germination of seeds is slow, and may take several months. It is grown primarily in the far southern Chinese province of Guangxi (mostly in the mountains near Guilin), as well as in Guangdong, Guizhou, Hunan, and Jiangxi provinces. These mountains lend the plants shade and often are surrounded by mists which protected them from the sun. Nonetheless, the climate in this southern province is warm. The plant is rarely found in the wild, so has been cultivated for hundreds of years. Records as early as 1813 mention the cultivation of this plant in the Guangxi province. At present, the Guilin mountains harbor a plantation of 16 km2 (6.2 sq mi) with a yearly output of about 10,000 fruits.[citation needed]Most of the plantations are located in Yongfu County and Lingui County. Longjiang Town in Yongfu County has acquired the name "home of the Chinese luohanguo fruit"; a number of companies specialised in making luohanguo extracts and finished products have been set up in the area. The Yongfu Pharmaceutical Factory is the oldest of these. Traditional uses The plant is most prized for its sweet fruits, which are used for medicinal purposes and as a sweetener.[6][7] The fruits are generally sold in dried form, and traditionally used in herbal tea or soup. Toxicity No incidents of negative side effects of luohan guo have been reported.[citation needed] It is classed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). A notification for GRAS status for using monk fruit juice concentrate to sweeten edible products was submitted to the FDA in 2009.[8] No restrictions on consuming the fruit or its extracts were made. Active agents The sweet taste of the fruit comes mainly from mogrosides, a group of triterpene glycosides that make up about 1% of the flesh of the fresh fruit. Through solvent extraction, a powder containing 80% mogrosides can be obtained, the main one being mogroside-5 (esgoside) Other similar agents in the fruit are siamenoside and neomogroside.[9] Recent research suggests isolated mogrosides have antioxidant properties[10] and may have limited anticancer effects.[11][12] Mogrosides have also been shown to inhibit induction of Epstein-Barr virus in vitro.[13] The plant also contains the glycoprotein momorgrosvin, which has been shown to inhibit ribosomal protein synthesis.[14] Cultivation and marketing Traditional processing Dried Siraitia grosvenorii fruit, cut open and seeds removed Luohan guo is harvested in the form of a round, green fruit, which becomes brown on drying. It is rarely used in its fresh form, as it is hard to store. Furthermore, it develops a rotten taste on fermentation, which adds to the unwanted flavours already present. Thus, the fruits are usually dried before further use and are sold in precisely this fashion in Chinese herbal shops. The fruits are slowly dried in ovens, preserving them and removing most of the unwanted aromas. However, this technique also leads to the formation of several bitter and astringent flavors. This limits the use of the dried fruits and extracts to the preparation of diluted tea, soup, and as a sweetener for products that would usually have sugar or honey added to them.[15] The Procter & Gamble process The process for the manufacture of a useful sweetener from luo han guo was patented in 1995 by Procter & Gamble. The patent states, while luo han guo is very sweet, it has too many interfering aromas, which render it useless for general application. So, the company developed a process for the removal of the interfering aromas. In this process, the fresh fruit is harvested before it is fully mature, and is then matured in storage so it may be processed precisely when it is mature. The shell and seeds are then removed, and the pulped fruit is made into a fruit concentrate or puree. This is then used in the further production of food. Solvents are used, amongst other things, to remove the interfering aromas. History During the Tang dynasty, Guilin was one of the most important Buddhist retreats containing many temples. The fruit was named after the arhats (luóhàn, ??), a group of Buddhist monks who, due to their proper way of life and meditation, achieved enlightenment and were said to have been redeemed. According to Chinese history, the fruit was first mentioned in the records of the 13th-century monks who used it. However, plantation space was limited: it existed mainly in the slopes of the Guangxi and Guangdong mountains, and to a lesser degree in Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Hainan. This and the difficulty of cultivation meant the fruit did not become part of the Chinese herbal tradition, which depended on more readily available products. This is also the reason no mention of it is found in the traditional guides to herbs. Western rediscovery in the 20th century The first report on the herb in English was found in an unpublished manuscript written in 1938 by Professor G. W. Groff and Hoh Hin Cheung. The report stated the fruits were often used as the main ingredients of "cooling drinks", that is, as remedies for hot weather, fever, or other dysfunctions traditionally associated with warmth or heat (i.e. inflammation). The juice of the fruits was then known to be very sweet. Groff and Hoh realised the fruit was an important Chinese domestic remedy for the treatment of cold and pneumonia, when consumed with pork. Interviews have confirmed the fruit only recently gained importance in Chinese history. Nonetheless, a small group of people apparently had mastered its cultivation a long time ago and had accumulated extensive knowledge on growth, pollination, and climatic requirements of the plant. The fruit was taken to the United States in the early 20th century. Groff mentioned, during a visit to the American ministry of agriculture in 1917, the botanist Frederick Coville showed him a luohanguo fruit bought in a Chinese shop in Washington. Seeds of the fruit which had been bought in Chinese shop in San Francisco were entered into the botanic description of the species in 1941. The first research into the sweet component of luohan guo is attributed to C. H. Lee, who wrote an English report on it in 1975, and also to Tsunematsu Takemoto, who worked on it the early 1980s in Japan (later Takemoto decided to concentrate on the similar sweet plant, jiaogulan). The development of luohan guo products in China has continued ever since, focusing in particular on the development of concentrated extracts. References 1. ^ "The Plant List". 2. ^ a b Ling Yeouruenn, A New Compendium of Materia Medica, 1995 Science Press, Beijing. 3. ^ a b Dharmananda S (2004). Luo han guo: Sweet fruit used as sugar substitute and medicinal herb. Inst Trad Med Online. Retrieved 30 October 2012. 4. ^ "USDA GRIN Taxonomy". 5. ^ Walter T. Swingle (1941). "Momordica grosvenori sp. nov.: The source of the Chinese Lo Han Kuo". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 22: 197–203. 6. ^ Kinghorn AD and Soejarto DD, Discovery of terpenoid and phenolic sweeteners from plants, Pure Applied Chemistry 2002; 74(7): 1169-1179. 7. ^ Dai Yin-Fang and Liu Cheng-Jun, translated by Ron Edwards and Gong Zhi-Mei (1986), "Fruits As Medicine: A Safe and Cheap Form of Traditional Chinese Food Therapy". The Ram's Skull Press, Kuranda, Australia. 8. ^ Letter Notifying FDA for GRAS Status, 2009 9. ^ Subhuti Dharmananda, "Luo Han Guo - Sweet Fruit Used as Sugar Substitute and Medicinal Herb". From the Institute for Traditional Medicine website. 10. ^ Shi H, et al. (1996). "Antioxidant property of fructus momordicae extract". Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 40 (6): 1111–1121. PMID 8988323. 11. ^ Konoshima T and Takasaki M (2002). "Cancer-chemopreventive effects of natural sweeteners and related compounds". Pure Applied Chemistry 74 (7): 1309–1316. doi:10.1351/pac200274071309. 12. ^ Katiyar SK and Mukhtar H (1997). "Tea antioxidants in cancer chemoprevention". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 27: 59–67. PMID 9591194. 13. ^ Akihisa, T; Hayakawa, Y; Tokuda, H; Banno, N; Shimizu, N; Suzuki, T; Kimura, Y (2007). "Cucurbitane glycosides from the fruits of Siraitia gros venorii and their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation". Journal of Natural Products 70 (5): 783–8. doi:10.1021/np068074x. PMID 17477572. 14. ^ Tsang, K.Y. and T.B. Ng (2001). "Isolation and characterization of a new ribosome inactivating protein, momorgrosvin, from seeds of the monk's fruit Momordica grosvenorii". Life Sciences 68 (7): 773–784. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00980-2. PMID 11205869. 15. ^ Hsu HY, et al., Oriental Materia Medica, 1986 Oriental Healing Arts Institute, Long Beach, California (source - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siraitia_grosvenorii on 4/4/2013) In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. View plant and fruit at, www.google.com/search?q=Buddha+Fruit,+Monk%27s+Fruit,+Luohan+Guo+Momordica+grosvenorii&hl=en&client=firefox&hs=0xC&rls=com.yahoo:en-US:official&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=GeRdUd3tFabE4AO14YH4AQ&ved=0CGAQsAQ&biw=1280&bih=854 Now to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Jul 26, 2013 8:14:50 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Sterculia alata, Common Name(s): buddha's cocoanut, Buddha Coconut is a tall tree, which gets is name from its coconut like fruit. Leaves are carried on 3-10 cm long stalks, crowded towards the ends of branches. Leaves are blade broadly ovate-heartshaped, 10-25 cm long, 7-15 cm broad, wavy, smooth, pointed or tapering. Flowers are borne in small, few-flowered racemes. Flowers are 1-1.5 cm across, on 2-3 mm long stalks. Flowers have no petals, sepals are 5, nearly free, linear-lance- shaped or elliptic, 1.2-1.5 cm long, 3-4 mm broad, fleshy, densely ferruginous pubescent outside, sparsely pubescent and purple with red streaks within. Anthers in male flowers are united into 1-2 mm broad head on 4-6 mm long staminal column. In bisexual flowers sessile anthers are arranged in clusters of 4 or 5 in the sinuses formed by the carpels. Carpels are 5;ovaries sessile, 2-3 mm long, pubescent; style recurved. Fruit is large, woody, 7-12 cm in diameter, obliquely round. Seeds are about 40 per follicle, oblong, compressed, in 2 rows, winged. In India, seeds are eaten, and plant used medicinally. Buddha Coconut is native to India, and found variously in S.E. Asia. (source - retrieved from flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Buddha%20Coconut.html on 3/27/2013) This is a rare tree of which little is known by the science community which is just now debating whether any part of the tree is edible. In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. View plant and fruit at, www.bing.com/images/search?q=+Sterculia+alata+Buddha+Coconut&qpvt=+Sterculia+alata+Buddha+Coconut&FORM=IGRENow to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Jul 30, 2013 10:37:23 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Ziziphus mucronata, known as the Buffalo Thorn, "blinkblaar-wag-'n-bietjie" in Afrikaans and "mphasamhala" in Tsonga, is a species in the Rhamnaceae family. fruit & foliage The Buffalo Thorn is a small to medium sized tree, reaching a height of about 10m (33ft). It can survive in a variety of soil types, occurring in many habitats, mostly open woodlands, often on soils deposited by rivers, and grows frequently on termite mounds. Buffalo thorn has distinctive zigzag branchlets, and hooked and straight thorns. The bark is a red-brown (on young stems) or roughly mottled grey which is cracked in small rectangular blocks revealing a stringy red underbark. The fruit are roughly grape size, and ripen into a deep red. Uses Many farmers use the buffalo thorn as a natural fence, it is also becoming more popular for this reason in schools and domestic homes. Some Bantu tribes believe that it is safe to shelter under a buffalo thorn during a thunderstorm, as protection from lightning. The leaves are edible, and can be cooked into tasty spinach; the fruit are also very nutritional, though not very tasty. The leaves can be used as an aphrodisiac, either by being chewed or used in dishes. During the Anglo-Boer war the stones were roasted and ground as a substitute for coffee. A beer can be made from the fruit. The Ovambo people call the fruit of the Buffalo Thorn eenghekete and use it to distill Ombike, their traditional liquor.[1] The Buffalo Thorn also has medicinal properties, an extract of the roots is given as a painkiller and a solution of the bark and leaves in water is used for chest complaints. References 1. ^ Shaanika, Helvy (26 October 2012). "Ombike – a potent traditional brew". New Era. (source - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus_mucronata on 3/31/2013) In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. View plant and fruit at, www.google.com/search?q=Ziziphus+mucronata+Buffalo+Thorn&hl=en&client=firefox&hs=7fR&rls=com.yahoo:en-US:official&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=cLFYUfGnLfjl4APpioCoBg&ved=0CEMQsAQ&biw=1280&bih=854Now to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|
|
Post by iris89 on Aug 3, 2013 12:24:53 GMT -5
Hi Everyone: Here is a Commentary on Bountiful Trees and Vegetables God (YHWH) has provided for mankind, specifically the Pleiogynium timorense, commonly known as the Burdekin Plum, is a medium-sized fruit-bearing tree native to Australia. This semi-deciduous tree can naturally reach up to 20 m high but in cultivation generally grows to approximately 12 m. It has a dense canopy with glossy dark green leaves and rough dark bark. The tree has yellowish-green flowers which flower between January and March and later grow into a fruit. The fruit's flesh is generally plum coloured however, white varieties have been reported. The fruit is edible when ripe. Fruit must be removed from tree to ripen for several days in a dark, damp place. Native aboriginals are known to have buried the fruit underground to ripen. Fruit can be cooked, eaten raw or used in jellies, jams and preserves. [source - retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiogynium...ite_note-1 on 1/02/2013] the Burdekin Plum has a dark grey trunk and often glossy, compound leaves. This tree can be found in vine thickets, gallery rainforest and along creek lines in tropical Queensland and Papua New Guinea. Even within a small area, Burdekin Plum can be extremely variable in appearance and the fruit vary considerably in size, colour and taste. In the wild, fruiting occurs in the winter months and seeds are apparently dispersed by flying foxes and wallabies. As with its close relative, the Mango, the flowers are small and insignificant. Seeds germinate readily if they have been soaked in a bucket of water for 24 hours prior to planting. Burdekin Plum can be a little slow in the first couple of years, but soon puts on some fairly rapid growth. Eight years seems to be the minimum age for fruiting. However, grafting may produce some interesting effects. Burdekin Plums are widely grown in Townsville gardens and revegetation projects. [source - retrieved from www.sgapqld.org.au/bushtucker7.html on 1/02/2013] These plants have male and female flowers occurring on separate plants. The flowers are small and yellowish – green. Male flowers are on drooping branchlets, while the female flowers occur on spikes. Fruit is globular and turns a deep purple colour, resembling a typical plum. This fruit is excellent for making jams but may often need ripening for days before they are soft enough to eat. It contains a large stone inside the flesh. Fruit attracts a wide variety of birds (eg Red-tailed Black thingyatoos), bats, insects and bees. These trees can grow on a broad range of soils. They are drought tolerant but look best when given extra water. They are slow growing and have been known to withstand harsh weather condidions. [source - retrieved from wiki.bdtnrm.org.au/index.php/Burdekin_Plum on 1/02/2013] For pictures of the fruit, go to www.flickr.com/photos/tgerus/4559852611/In Genesis 1:11-13, "And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. (American Standard Version, ASV)[for more details, go to http://www.jw.org]. The large, black, globular or pumpkin-shaped fruit vary in taste. Those that have red-purplish flesh are quite tart, those with a pale greenish-white flesh are milder but less tasty. Some fruit are half red - half white, and these are delicious! This variety occurs naturally around Townsville. The riper the fruit, the less unpleasant the drying effect of eating the fruit. In the centre is a large pitted stone which usually fills 70-80% of the total fruit. They do not ripen on the tree, but must be stored, either buried in sand or kept in paper bags in a dark spot for a few days. They can either be eaten raw, cooked into jam or jelly, used to flavour meat, or to make wine. A ripe fruit is mostly water (73%), but has moderate levels of energy, fat, vitamin C and is high in fibre and most minerals. Analysis has shown that, like tree shape and fruit colour, the nutritional content is extremely variable between trees. [source - retrieved from www.sgapqld.org.au/bushtucker7.html on 1/02/2013] This tree is very rare outside of Australia and New Guinea, How this tree and other plants absorb water from the ground. Plants have developed an effective system to absorb, translocate, store, and utilize water. Plants contain a vast network of conduits, which consists of xylem and phloem tissues. These conducting tissues start in the roots and continue up through the trunks of trees, into the branches and then into every leaf. Phloem tissue is made of living elongated cells that are connected to one another and responsible for translocating nutrients and sugars (carbohydrates), which are produced by leaves for energy and growth. The xylem is also composed of elongated cells but once the cells are formed, they die. The walls of the xylem cells still remain intact and serve as an excellent peipline to transport water from the roots to the leaves. The main driving force of water uptake and transport into a plant is transpiration of water from leaves through specialized openings called stomata. Heat from the sun causes the water to evaporate, setting this ‘water chain’ in motion. The evaporation creates a negative water vapor pressure. Water is pulled into the leaf to replace the water that has transpired from the leaf. This pulling of water, or tension, occurs in the xylem of the leaf. Since the xylem is a continuous water column that extends from the leaf to the roots, this negative water pressure extends into the roots and results in water uptake from the soil. [adapted from: www.scientificamerican.com/articl...o-trees-ca ] Clearly this clever water transport system shows a superior intelligence of the Creator (YHWH). Now to know the truth, go to: 1) religioustruths.forumsland.com/2) www.network54.com/Forum/403209/ 3) religioustruths.lefora.com/4) religioustruths.boardhost.com/5) religious-truths.forums.com/6) religioustruthsbyiris.createmybb3.com/ 7) religioustruths.forumotion.com/Your Friend in Christ Iris89 Francis David said it long ago, "Neither the sword of popes...nor the image of death will halt the march of truth."Francis David, 1579, written on the wall of his prison cell." Read the book, "What Does The Bible Really Teach" and the Bible today, and go to www.jw.org!
|
|